2. Early Psychiatry
Unit XIII. Treatment

3. XIII. Treatment of Psychological Disorders
College Board - “Acorn Book”
Course Description
7-9%
Unit XIII. Treatment

4. “Hey, I’m just messing with your head.”
Unit XIII. Treatment

5. Summary Outline A. Treatment Approaches
B. Modes of Therapy (e.g. individual, group)
C. Community and Preventive Approaches
Unit XIII. Treatment

6. Good Shrink, Bad Shrink

7. First, we’ll look for repressed memories of malpractice suits.”
Unit XIII. Treatment

8. “Your problems make my fee seem insignificant.”
Unit XIII. Treatment

9. A. Treatment Approaches
1. Insight Therapies:
Psychodynamic/Phenomenological Approaches
2. Behavioral Approaches
3. Cognitive Approaches
4. Biological Approaches
Psychopharmacology/psychosurgery
Unit XIII. Treatment

10. Insight Therapy
“You only think you’re barking at nothing. We’re all barking at something.”
Unit XIII. Treatment

11. A.1. Insight Therapies Psychoanalysis (Freud) Humanistic Techniques
free association
dream analysis
dream interpretation {latent/manifest content}, resistance
transference, counter-transference
Humanistic
Person-Centered Therapy (Rogers)
Gestalt Therapy (Perls)
Unit XIII. Treatment

12. Patient: I’m beginning to think you’re the only one who really listens to me , Doctor . . .
Doctor’s notes:
Bitch and moan

13. A.2. Behavioral Approaches
Behavior Therapy (Classical conditioning techniques)
Counter-conditioning
systematic desensitization
aversive conditioning
Extinction
Flooding
exposure
Unit XIII. Treatment

14. Behavior Modification (Operant conditioning techniques)
Positive Reinforcement (Token economy),
Extinction (Removal of reinforcers)
Modeling
Unit XIII. Treatment

15. Counter conditioning “Now relax . . . . . Just like last week,
I’m going to hold the cape up for the count of
When you start getting angry, I’ll put it down.”

16. Well, I just been eatin’ those little guys like popcorn.”
“You know those teeny tiny little birds that walk around so trustingly inside a crocodile’s mouth?
Well, I just been eatin’ those little guys like popcorn.”
Unit XIII. Treatment

17. A.3. Cognitive Approaches
Rational Emotive Therapy (Ellis)
Cognitive Therapy (Beck)
Unit XIII. Treatment

18. “Would you like to see the drawing I just did of my doggie?”
Unit XIII. Treatment

19. 4. Biological Approaches
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
Psychosurgery
Psychoactive Drugs
Anti-psychotic
Anti-depressents
Anti-anxiety
Unit XIII. Treatment

20. “May I suggest we up your medication, sire.”

21. “I used to give a damn, but now they have a patch for that.”
Unit XIII. Treatment

22. “Your tale is very sad, Ben. I’m almost sorry I took an anti-depressant.”

23. B. Modes of Therapy (e.g. individual, group)
Individual Therapy
Advantages, disadvantages
Group Therapy
Group Support
Feedback and Information
Behavioral Rehearsal
Self-Help Groups
Family Therapy
Unit XIII. Treatment

24. C. Community and Preventive Approaches
Institutionalization
Involuntary Commitment
Deinstitutionalization
Community Health Centers
Homelessness, the “Revolving Door,” and Mental Illness
Unit XIII. Treatment

25. Critical Thinking about Psychotherapy
Is Psychological Diagnosis Biased?
Diagnosis of minorities and the poor / homeless
What am I being asked to believe or accept? What evidence is available to support the assertion?
Are there alternative ways of interpreting the evidence?
What additional evidence would help to evaluate the alternatives?
What conclusions are most reasonable?

26. Dangers in Diagnosis Predisposition to find certain disorders
Confirmation Bias
Ignoring or not seeing evidence that does not support diagnosis (The benevolent dolphin)
Denial confirming the diagnosis (I didn’t have feelings for my mother)
Certainty of diagnosis
Self-justification /cognitive dissonance
Recommendation:
Tavris, Carol and Elliot Aronson. Mistakes Were Made (but not by me). Harcourt Publishing Company

27. Activities General description of disorder Symptoms
 Worksheet - Briefly describe each of the disorders listed
General description of disorder
Symptoms
Mode of treatment seen as most effective
Rational for treatment (relationship to cause)

28. Biological Therapies Chart
Names, How they work, Risks
Psychosurgery
Deep Lesioning
Prefrontal Lobotomy
ECT
Drug Therapy
Antianxiety
Antidepressant
Antipsychotic

29. Cognitive Therapies Chart
Aims, Terms/Techniques, Definitions
Cognitive Therapy – Aaron Beck
Specific Terminology
Automatic Thoughts
Negative Thoughts
Rational Emotive Therapy – Albert Ellis
Irrational Beliefs
ABC
Activating event, Belief, Consequence

30. Insight Therapies Chart
Aims, Terms/Techniques, Definitions
Psychodynamic
Sigmund Freud
Humanistic
Victor Frankl Existential Therapy (Logotherapy)
Fritz Perls
Carl Rogers