1. Isolationism Continues

2. From Isolation to World War (1930-1945)
In Europe & Asia the growth of tyrannical governments used their power through aggression. Thus, created conditions leading to the Second World War.

3. Content Statement:
During the 1930s, the U.S. government attempted to distance the country from earlier interventionist policies in the Western Hemisphere as well as retain an isolationist approach to events in Europe and Asia until the beginning of WWII.

4. Post WWI Foreign Policy
Monroe Doctrine
Early 19th Century
President Monroe tells European countries they can not colonize or interfere in the Americas or it would be seen as an act of aggression
Likewise, the U.S. would not interfere in European affairs

5. Post WWI Foreign Policy
Roosevelt Corollary
Early 20th Century
President Teddy Roosevelt adds this to the Monroe Doctrine, basically re-stating to European countries that the U.S. will take care of things in the Americas

6. U.S. Isolationism
After World War I and especially in the 1930’s, the United States had a policy of isolationism
Take care of ourselves and not get involved in foreign affairs

7. Good Neighbor Policy
The policy's main principle was that of non-intervention and non-interference in the domestic affairs of Latin America.
Reinforced the idea that the U.S. would be a “good neighbor” and engage in reciprocal exchanges with Latin American countries.

8. Good Neighbor Policy
The Roosevelt administration expected that this new policy would create new economic opportunities in the form of reciprocal trade agreements and reassert the influence of the U.S. in Latin America

9. U.S. Foreign Relations
Following World War I, the U.S. was reluctant to become entangled in overseas conflicts that would lead to another war
In the past, the U.S. had used the Monroe Doctrine and the Roosevelt Corollary to justify intervention into Latin American affairs
U.S. retreated from these policies during the1930’s with the Good Neighbor Policy

10. Europe Close to War
When FDR took over in 1933, world prospects were grim
Europe was again in shambles and close to war
Europe did not like democracy or the ideals that the United States was trying to promote

11. Around the World
America was struggling to make ends meet during the Great Depression
Militarists consolidated their hold on the Japanese government

12. Fascism
Fascism swept Italy and Germany
Fascism: a way of organizing a society in which a government ruled by a dictator controls the lives of the people and in which people are not allowed to disagree with the government

13. Neutrality Acts
The Neutrality Acts of the 1930’s were attempts to isolate the country from the problems erupting in Asia and Europe

14. Neutrality Acts
Spurred by the growth in isolationism and non-interventionism in the U.S. following its costly involvement in WWI
Sought to ensure that the U.S. would not become entangled again in foreign conflicts

15. Legacy of the Neutrality Acts
Generally negative reaction:
No distinction between aggressor and victim, treating both equally as “belligerents”
Belligerent: a nation or person engaged in war or conflict, as recognized by international law

16. Legacy of the Neutrality Acts
Limited the U.S. government’s ability to aid Britain and France against Nazi Germany
Largely repealed in 1941, because of German submarine attacks on U.S. vessels and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

17. Germany Begins Taking Territory
1936 – German troops move into the Rhineland, bordering France and Belgium

18. Germany Begins Taking Territory
Sudetenland
1938 – Germany claimed the Sudetenland, a part of Czechoslovakia

19. Munich Conference
September, 1938 – At the Munich Conference, Hitler invited the leaders of Britain and France to Germany and assured them that he wanted no more territory

20. Munich Conference
Britain and France allow for Hitler to go on unopposed as he expands German territory in Europe
They ignore German military build-up even though it violates the Treaty of Versailles
Britain and France gave into Germany hoping that ignoring these actions would prevent conflict from escalating to war
This was known as appeasement

21. Stalin and Hitler
1939 – Nazi-Soviet Pact
Hitler and Stalin agreed not to attack one another
Also agreed to divide Poland and Eastern Europe amongst themselves
September 1, 1939 – Germany invaded Poland without having to fear of a Soviet attack
Two days later, Britain and France declared war on Germany

22. New Warfare
Blitzkrieg “Lightning warfare”
Strike quickly
Much different than WWI
Air power
Use fast vehicles
Planes
Tanks
Trucks
Motorcycles

23. France Falls
Germany marches into France through Belgium
Italy joins the side of Germany and invades from the south
French Leader Charles DeGaulle escapes to Great Britain
June, 1940
France surrenders
Britain vows to fight alone

24. War in Europe
The Soviet Union seized eastern Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
1940 – Germany conquered Denmark, Belgium, Holland, Norway and France
1940 – The Germans severely bombed Great Britain during the Battle of Britain but were unable the defeat the island nation

25. Cash and Carry Plan
FDR changed the Neutrality Acts through a “cash and carry” plan
Allowed the sale of material to belligerents, as long as the recipients arranged for the transport using their own ships and paid immediately in cash, assuming all risk in transportation
Meanwhile, the U.S. prepared for war by setting up the first ever peacetime draft in U.S. history

26. Destroyers for Bases
September 2, 1940
Agreement between the U.S. and the United Kingdom 
Fifty mothballed destroyers were transferred to the Royal Navy from the U.S. Navy in exchange for land rights on British possessions
The U.S. had chosen a side in the war
They were no longer neutral

27. Lend-Lease Act
A plan of President Roosevelt’s to help Great Britain
March 11, 1941
The U.S. would lend or lease war materials to the allied countries
These items were to be returned to the U.S. after the lease was over, but that rarely happened

28. Lend-Lease Act
The U.S. would supply everything necessary for the war, except troops

29. The Atlantic Charter
Roosevelt met with Churchill in the summer of 1941 and agreed to the Atlantic Charter, a statement that outlined Anglo-American war aims

30. Japan
Japan felt that they had the right to start an overseas empire, just as European countries such as Britain and France had
In 1931, Japan seized Manchuria, China, for its valuable coal and iron
The League of Nations failed to help China
In 1937, Japan began an all-out attack on China, eventually conquering Korea and French Indo-China as well

31. The Japanese Empire – 1942

32. The U.S. Enters the War
The U.S. was the only nation standing against Japanese domination of the entire Pacific Rim
Economic sanctions against Japan produced a diplomatic stalemate
Japan launched a ruthless surprise attack against American naval bases at Pearl Harbor
Faced with an assault on its own forces, the U.S. finally entered World War II

33. From Isolationism to War
The U.S. tried to maintain its isolationist approach when war broke out in Europe
The U.S. aided countries fighting against fascist aggression
Introduced the cash-and-carry policy
Negotiated the destroyer-for-bases agreement
Enacted the Lend-Lease Policy
Helped write the Atlantic Charter

34. From Isolationism to War
The expansionist policies of Japan and the bombing of Pearl Harbor ended U.S. isolationist policies
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