1. Pension reforms and pensionable age Experience of Japan
ILO Geneva
13-14 September 2016
Hiroshi Yamabana
Social Protection Department, ILO

2. Demographic context – life expectancy at age 65
Source: Population Projection for Japan: (January 2012)

3. Illustration of financial balance
1000%
Income replacement rate
50%
Contribution rate ?%
Working years
Pension years 40 20

4. Standard pensionable age increase – past and future
Source: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japanese Government, 2011

5. Lead time and transition years of pensionable age increase
Countries and schemes
Standard pensionable age
Years
Decisions
Start
Finish
Lead time
Transitions A B C
=B-A
=C-B
Japan
Fixed
Male 60 → 65
1994
2001
2013 7 12
Female
2006
2018
Earnings-related
2000
2025 13
2030 18
USA 67
1983
2003
2027 20 24 UK 68
2007
2024
2046 17 22
Germany
2012
2029 5
Source: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japanese Government, 2011

6. Increase in retirement age in employment
2004 reform
- obligatory for employees to adopt either of the following three measures
Increase in the retirement age in employment
Introduction of reemployment schemes
Abolishment of the retirement age
Source: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japanese Government, 2011

7. Employment in higher ages
Source: Statistical Bureau, Cabinet Office, Japanese Government, 2014