1. Basketball
By Jim Youngman

2. History
Dr. James Naismith was an instructor at the International YMCA Training School in the United States. In 1891, he was asked by his supervisor to invent a game that could be played indoors, in the evening and during the winter season.
The first basketball that he used was actually a soccer ball. And for baskets, he used peach baskets. But after every made shot, someone would have to climb a ladder to retrieve the ball. Naismith made a list of thirteen rule before the first game was played. Although we have modified a few rules, twelve of them still remain.

3. The Game
Basketball is played 5 players on each team (2 guards, 2 forwards, and 1 center).
Both teams can move the full length of the court and play both offense and defense.
High School has 4 eight minute quarters
Time outs are allowed five times a game. Teams get 3 full time outs which last one minute, and 2 thirty second time outs. One extra time out is given to each team for each over time periods.
Jump ball begins every game, done in the center circle. After the first jump ball, in high school, the possession arrow determines the possession. The arrow points to the team who gets the next jump ball.
After each made shot the other team gets the ball and inbounds it from the base line underneath the basket.

4. The Court The length is between 74-94 feet long.
The width is feet wide.
The free throw lanes are at both ends of the court. Each lane is 12 feet wide.
The free throw line is 15 feet from the basket and the three point line is 19 feet from the basket.
The baskets are metal rings 18 inches in diameter and 10 feet above the floor.

5. Dribbling
Dribbling- The fingers are spread while the wrist is flexed. While the fingers control the direction of the ball, the wrist gives the force.
Crossover Dribbling- is used to change direction. When completing this dribble, the ball should change hands at knee-high level so the defense can’t steal it ( four type of crossovers are behind the back, spin, between your legs and in front of your body).

6. Shots
Shooting-Shooting hand is under the ball, fingers spread, elbow and knees bent with wrist extended back. As you bring the ball up the elbow and knees extend up and your wrist snaps toward the basket.
Lay Up-A shot made on a drive to the basket. On the last dribble the ball is grasped by both hands and brought over the forehead with shooting hand under the ball. As you shoot you take off with the opposite foot and release the ball at the height of the jump. The ball should be laid-up off the back board and into the net.

7. Passing
Chess Pass- the ball is held at the chess with both hands on both sides of the ball. You release the ball by extending your arms, stepping with your strong foot and turning your thumbs from the top to the bottom. Aim the pass at the receiver’s chest.
Bounce Pass- the ball is held at the waist with hands on both sides of the ball. You release by extending your arms, stepping with your strong foot and turning thumbs from bottoms to top.

8. Passing continued…
Skip Pass- the ball is held over the head with thumbs under the ball and fingers spread. You step into the direction of the pass while arms are brought forward and wrist are snapped.
Baseball Pass- ball is brought back behind the ear and hand under the ball. As you throw the pass, step with opposite foot in the direction of the pass. The throwing arm is brought forward and downward ( usually thrown with dominant hand).

9. Body Positions
Triple Threat Position-The shooting hand is behind the ball and protected inside your body, right at the hip( allows you to shoot, pass, or dribble).
Defensive Stance- Your body weight is distributed equally on the balls of your feet, knees bent, head up, feet shoulder width apart and seat low.

10. Other Techniques
Screening- is done by putting your body in the way of a defensive player. A screen is used to help get teammates open. It can be set on any defensive player.
Jab Step- Used by an offensive player in order to see how the defense reacts. It’s a short step with your strong foot out of triple threat position.

11. Terms
Assist- a pass from one offensive player to another resulting in a basket.
Back Court- half of the floor that contains the opponents basket.
B.E.E.F.- stands for balance, elbow, eyes, and follow through. It a way to remember the important parts of shooting.
Boxing Out- a skill used to prevent opponents from getting a good rebounding position.
The Court- the playing are of basketball.
Defensive Player- a player whose team doesn’t have possession of the ball.
Free Throw- an unguarded attempt at the basket from the free throw line.

12. Terms continued…
Front Court- half of the floor which contain your basket.
Offensive Player- a player whose team has possession of the ball.
One and One- when the free throw shooter has to make the first shoot to get the second attempt.
Pivot- a player with the ball that can’t dribble, can turn and move one of their feet.
Rebound- when a missed shot bounces off the basket or backboard. Either team can claim the ball.
Steal- when a defensive player manages to take the ball away from the offense.
Turnover- when the offensive team is called for a violation or causes the ball to be given to the defensive team.

13. Violations
Violation result in awarding the ball to the opponents out of bounds
Traveling- running with the ball without dribbling.
Double Dribble- Using two hand to dribble.
5 Second Call- Two kinds,(1) taking more than 5seconds to inbound the ball. (2)Ball handler holds the ball for more than 5 second while being closely guarded, dribbling or not dribbling.
10 Second Call- when offense takes more than 10 seconds to get the ball into front court. Also called backcourt violation.
3 Second Call- offensive player standing in the lane for more than 3 seconds.
Out of Bounds- stepping on a boundary line while in possession of the ball.

14. Fouls
Personal Foul- player who holds, trips, pushes, or charges opponent.
If you are fouled while making your shot, you only get one free throw. If you miss a shot that was behind the three point line, you get three free throws. But if your shot was inside the three point line, than you only get two free throws.
Technical Foul- called against a player or coach for unsportsmanlike conduct.
Non-shooting fouls are also counted as team fouls.
If a team get 1-6 foul calls, the other team gets the ball out of bounds.
If a team get 7-9 foul calls, the player fouled shoots a one-and-one, called bonus.
If a teams get 10 or more foul calls, Player fouled shoots 2 shots, called supper bonus.
Disqualification- occurs if a player gets 5 personal fouls.