1. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
Part 3
Implementing the NAAQS

2. Implementing the NAAQS
CAA relies on STATES to implement NAAQS
States
“Recommend” area designations
Adopt SIPs to achieve/maintain NAAQS
Set emission limits, issue permits, enforce

3. Implementing the NAAQS (cont.)
SIPs
Most air pollution control regulations in U.S found in SIPs
SIPs are mandatory, requirements are complex

4. Implementing the NAAQS (cont.)
Among required SIP components
Enforceable emission limits and control measures
An air monitoring program
Regulation of modification and construction of new stationary sources
Prohibition of significant contribution to nonattainment in another state
Assurances of adequate personnel, funding and authority

5. Implementing the NAAQS (cont.)
Nonattainment SIPs
SIP must demonstrate that it will bring nonattainment areas into attainment by relevant CAA deadline
Attainment demonstrations most complex and controversial parts of SIP

6. Implementing the NAAQS (cont.)
Public participation (SIPs)
“Reasonable notice and public hearing” and “consultation and participation by local political subdivisions affected by the plan”
EPA approves/disapproves SIP through notice and comment rulemaking
Once approved, SIP enforceable by EPA and public
CAA 304, citizen suit provision

7. Implementing the NAAQS (cont.)
CAA designed to ensure level playing field for industry
Examples
Automobile emissions and fuel requirements
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS)
Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT)

8. Implementing the NAAQS (cont.)
CAA Regulatory Gap
Because CAA relies on SIPs for many programs, gap in air quality protection in Indian Country
For example, no EPA regulations controlling burning or dust-generating activities,though such rules found in most PM10 SIPs

9. Implementing the NAAQS (cont.)
Tribal Implementation Plans (CAA 110(o))
EPA Guidance Document “Developing a Tribal Implementation Plan”

10. Implementing the NAAQS (cont.)
Federal Implementation Plans (FIPs)
FIPs can remedy deficient SIP (CAA 110 (c)(1)).
FIPs can fill CAA regulatory gap in Indian country (CAA 301(d)(4))

11. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
Part 4 SIP Case Study