1. Terminating Fiber Optic Cable
MODULE 5
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

2. Terminating Fiber Optic Cable5 1
Goal 5
In this module students will terminate both SC and ST fiber optic connectors to either 900μm buffered fiber or patch cord. Students will identify the steps of termination in the construction and testing of optical patch cords. Safety procedures are reinforced in the establishment of safe laboratory procedures. Students will determine dB light loss of the systems they construct and compare their results to known good systems.
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

3. Terminating Fiber Optic Cable5
Objectives:
Identify safe practices when dealing with fiber optics in regards to personal safety measures and how to dispose of optical fibers and applicator tips
Identify the tools used in the Fiber Optic termination process
Demonstrate how to correctly and safely use the tools of termination workstation to include: crimpers, scissors, buffer stripper, jacket stripper, cleaver and termination tray
Define anaerobic as an adhesive method that only cures where there is no air
Identify the parts of the epoxy as the adhesive and the primer
Correctly apply epoxy to connect a fiber to a fiber connector
Define the 10 steps and the sub-steps in the optical termination process
Demonstrate the correct use of eye protection while terminating fiber
Demonstrate the correct procedure for the disposal of loose fiber ends removed during cleaving
Demonstrate how to correctly dispose of an adhesive applicator tip
Identify the parts needed to construct four types of patch cords
Demonstrate the ability to measure and cut optical systems at 5, 15 and 30mm
Use a checklist and correctly terminate an ST connector to 900μm buffered cable
Use a checklist and correctly terminate an ST connector to Patch Cord
Use a checklist and correctly terminate an SC connector to 900μm buffered cable
Use a checklist and correctly terminate an SC connector to Patch Cord
State the safety procedures to follow when working with fiber optic cable
Demonstrate the ability to cleave and polish optical glass
Identify the cleaving process as scoring glass in a controlled manner
Correctly air polish a cleaved fiber
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

4. Correctly use polishing films in sequence to obtain a desired result
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
Objectives Cont. :
Correctly use polishing films in sequence to obtain a desired result
Use a microscope to determine the quality of polishing on a 125μm fiber
Perform a continuity check on a constructed cable
Correctly create an optical test station using an optical power meter and light source, adapters and known good cables
Measure the light loss in dB of a constructed fiber optic cable using a reference or ratio method
State the standards-based attenuation values for fiber optic terminations
Compare standards dB values, known good dB values and constructed dB values to determine the quality of a constructed system
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

5. Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable
In this module, we will be working with the anaerobic (gluing) method to connect a fiber to a connector. This will be done by using ST and SC connectors. The cabling used will be either 900μm optical cable or optical patch cord.
The steps of termination are based on the types of connectorization you will be using in this module. They are also based on the most current techniques found in the field. Hardware and procedures can vary, so always review the manufacturer's recommendations.
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

6. The Steps of Termination
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
The Steps of Termination
All of the connectorizing processes for fiber optic cable involve the following steps:
prepare the work area prepare the connector
prepare the cable test fit
glue cleave assemble polish inspect protect
Figure 5.1.1
New Term
Anaerobic - A bonding agent that does not cure in the presence of air.
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

7. 5 Cable and Connectors Tools and Consumables Prepare the Work Area
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
Prepare the Work Area
In this step you will prepare your work station, obtain tools, cable and connectors. You will review and follow safety procedures while working with optics.
Safety
Establish a safe laboratory
Wear safety glasses
Figure 5.2.1
work Station
Ensure the termination tray is on a level surface and check its orientation.
Place the fiber optic disposal disk on the termination tray, away from the work area.
Figure 5.2.2
Cable and Connectors
Ensure that you have cable and connectors and have read any manufacturer directions on assembly.
Tools and Consumables
Ensure that you have the tools that are required.
Have the consumables including adhesives, primer, polishing film, tips, disposal disks and disposal container.
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

8. Terminating Fiber Optic Cable5
Prepare the Connector
Step two is preparing the connector. In this module you will be working with two types of cables and two types of connectors. The difference between the two is the level of protection for the optic fiber. One connector type uses 900μm optical cable and the other uses optical patch cord.
In the case of the 900μm cable, the optic fiber is only glued to the connector. When making a patch cord, the aramid is used to secure the cable to the connector. Patch cord connectors require crimping. They also require crimp rings.
Check Parts Obtain the connectors based on the cable you are using. The connectors may have several pieces including dust caps, boots, crimp rings and covers.
Note the parts for each type of connector. Crimp rings are small and can roll. Keep track of all parts
Figure 5.3.1
Figure 5.3.2
Figure 5.3.3
Figure 5.3.4
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

9. 5 Prepare the Cable Preparing the 900μm cable
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
Prepare the Cable
Preparing the 900μm cable
Jacket removal Jacket removal is the process of making a cut around the cable jacket and pulling off the required amount of jacket. Some cables will use a cable jacket stripper, while others require a buffer tube stripper.
Patch cords require the additional step of trimming aramid strength members to allow the cable to be secured to the connector. Each connector has directions on the needed length of each part of the cable.
Install boot Install the boot before exposing the fiber. Be sure to install it correctly.
Figure 5.4.1
Figure 5.4.5
Figure 5.4.2
exposing the Fiber Stripping is accomplished by placing a buffered or coated fiber into a stripping tool. The tool is then squeezed by hand, while a pulling force is applied to the end of the fiber. The result is the removal or stripping, of the required length of buffer and/or coating from the outside of the glass fiber.
Figure 5.4.3
Figure 5.4.4
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

10. 5 Prepare the Cable Preparing the Patch Cord
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
Prepare the Cable
Preparing the Patch Cord
Patch cords have an additional cable jacket and aramid fibers over a 900μm buffered fiber. When preparing the patch cord, additional cuts to expose the different levels are needed.
Knot the Cable
Tie the cable in a loose knot. The aramid and the 900μm cable inside of the patch cord are loose. The knot keeps the parts from slipping when you are cutting the jacket, the aramid and the buffer.
Install Boot and Crimp ring
Install the boot and the crimp ring before exposing the fiber. Be sure to install them in order, pointed the right way.
Figure 5.5.1
Figure 5.5.2
Figure 5.5.3
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

11. Terminating Fiber Optic Cable5
Test Fit
Always test the fit of the fiber into the connector before it is glued. By testing the fit of the fiber you are ensuring two things:
the fiber is clean and free of any clear buffer. the connector is open and free of any obstruction.
If you suspect the connector of being clogged, clean it out with 125μm piano wire.
The two-part adhesive that is used to glue the fiber to the connector can take as little as 30 seconds to harden once the two parts come into contact. Once adhesive hardens inside of a connector and the fiber is not in place the connector is not usable.
Fiber connectors are expensive. Test fitting and a little practice on inserting the fiber will allow you to complete the process in enough time.
At first, test fitting may be difficult to do. Practice and remember not to bend the fiber.
The inside of the connector is shaped like a funnel, but with a tiny ridge around the inside
opening. A little practice will enable you to get past this ridge and all the way through.
Figure 5.6.1
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems
Figure 5.6.3

12. Terminating Fiber Optic Cable5
Glue
Glue
In this step you will apply primer on the fiber and adhesive to the inside of the connector.
Applying the Adhesive
Fiber optics uses a two-part epoxy. The adhesive does not harden until the two parts meet. As shown below, adhesive is injected into the connector and primer is placed on the fiber. When the fiber is placed into the connector, the two parts touch and quickly mix. That action permanently locks the fiber into the connector.
Figure 5.7.1
Figure 5.7.2
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

13. Terminating Fiber Optic Cable5
Brush primer on to the glass as well as the buffer in the area shown in figure
Figure 5.7.3
Figure 5.7.4
Slide the fiber all the way into the connector. Hold it steady for about a one minute. The bond will be complete.
Figure 5.7.5
New Term
Figure 5.7.6
epoxy - A very strong glue made of two parts.
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

14. 5 Cleave Protecting the Fiber
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
Cleave
Protecting the Fiber
Once the adhesive is cured, the long piece of exposed fiber must be removed. Protect the fiber until it can be cut correctly.
This process begins with the scoring of the glass fiber where it protrudes from the tip of the connector. This is done by using a cleaving tool.
The cleaving tool is designed to score or scratch the glass. The tool is not designed to break the glass.
Score the glass one time, by moving the blade across the fiber.
Here is why...
When a glass cutter scores glass it really makes a small crack. With a little pressure the glass will fracture and break as desired.
Figure 5.8.1
Figure 5.8.3
Figure 5.8.2
New Term
Score - To create a small break.
Figure 5.8.4
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

15. Terminating Fiber Optic Cable5
A bad cut is when the glass fractures and breaks below the connector face. Because the glass is below the face it can not be polished and the hole in the face collects broken glass and dirt.
After cleaving, the glass fiber is grasped between a thumb and forefinger and pulled away from the tip of the connector. If cleaved correctly it should require a very small effort to pull away.
Figure 5.9.1
The cleaved fiber must be properly disposed of so that it does not present a safety hazard, by placing it on the fiber optic disposal disk
Figure 5.9.2
Figure 5.9.3
Figure 5.9.4
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

16. Terminating Fiber Optic Cable5
Assemble
Connectors that use patch cord are crimped as well as being glued. The aramid in the cord is part of the strength of the system.
Crimp
The crimp tool is used to crimp or squeeze the aramid in the cable to the connector. Use the correct slot in the tool to ensure the cable is made correctly.
Figure
Installing the Boot
All connectors have boots that slide onto the cable end of the connector for additional protection.
Figure
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems
Figure

17. Terminating Fiber Optic Cable5
Installing the Boot
All connectors have boots that slide onto the cable end of the connector for additional protection.
Figure
Install outer collar
When the outer collar is fully assembled it will click into place.
Figure
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

18. 5 Using the Polishing Film
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
Using the Polishing Film
There are four levels of polishing film ranging from coarse to very fine. On the termination tray there are two polishing pads - one thick and one thin.
The thick pad is to be used after the air polishing. It provides additional protection for the fiber until it is polished down.
The thin pad is for use with the other three papers.
The polishing films are color coded as follows:
12μm = Yellow 5μm = Brown 1μm = Purple 0.3μm = White
The colors of the polishing film may change, although the grit size does not. Polishing films have a shiny side and a dull side. The dull side is the side used for polishing.
The colors of the polishing film may change, although the grit size does not. Polishing films have a shiny side and a dull side. The dull side is the side used for polishing.
Figure
The polishing sequence is:
Air polish with the 12μm (coarse).
Polish with the puck on the thick pad with 12μm.
Using the thin pad, work down from the coarsest grit to the finest grit.
Twenty to twenty-five figure eights at medium pressure are sufficient at each level.
Figure
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

19. Terminating Fiber Optic Cable5
Polish
Air Polish
The tip of the connector is held perpendicular to the 12μm polishing film and air polished. By air polishing, large areas of glass are removed.
Using the Polishing Puck
Next, the face of the fiber is polished. This involves the placement of the connector tip into a polishing puck. The puck is then moved over a succession of polishing films in a figure-eight pattern several times.
The puck keeps the face of the connector flat against the polishing film while polishing.
Figure
Figure
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

20. 5 Inspect and Protect Inspect
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
Inspect and Protect
Inspect
After polishing, the connector tip is inspected with a magnifier or microscope. The fiber tip should be free of debris and adhesive and without scratches. Use alcohol wipes to clean the connector face.
Dust
Glue line
Figure
Fiber Core
Figure
When inspecting, look for a clean connector with a well-defined core. Compare your cable with a known good patch cord.
Protect
The connector face should then be cleaned with isopropyl alcohol and a protective dust cover placed over the tip of the connector.
Figure
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems
Figure

21. 5 Termination Review The Steps of Termination The ten steps are:
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
Termination Review
The Steps of Termination
The ten steps are:
1. Prepare the work area safety
workstation
cable and connectors tools and consumables
2. Prepare the connector check parts
3. Prepare the cable 900μm buffered cable patch cord install boots and crimp rings expose the fiber
4. Test fit
5. Glue connector fiber and buffer
6. Cleave
7. Assemble crimp assemble install the boot
8. Polish air polish polishing puck polishing film
9. Inspect
10. Protect
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

22. Activity 5.1 ST Connector Demonstration
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
Activity 5.1 ST Connector Demonstration
Making a patch cord Using ST connectors and 900μm Fiber Optic Cable Objective: Observe the demonstration and note the steps in
termination.
Show the movie and or conduct a demonstration. Stress safe lab procedures.
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

23. Terminating Fiber Optic Cable5
Safety Do's and Don'ts
Before we go any farther, let's look at some safety do’s and don'ts:
Do wear safety goggles when optical fiber is exposed.
If you wear eyeglasses with large lenses, they may provide enough protection, but try the goggles anyway. Eyeglasses with small lenses are not good enough-wear the goggles.
Do exercise caution when working with optical fiber.
Remember this: 1) optic fiber is only slightly thicker than one of your hairs, and 2) it's made of glass. The end of an optical fiber is extremely sharp. It can puncture your skin easily, and once it's in, it's difficult to get out.
Do account for every length of loose fiber and dispose of it properly.
Place the pieces of fiber parallel to each other on the disposal disk. Fold the disposal disk over when you are through, and dispose of properly.
Do keep all food and drink away from the work area.
Keep the work area clean.
Do dispose of applicator tips properly.
Place used applicator tips in the red sharps container.
Do remember the cleaving tool is sharp enough to cut glass.
It can certainly cut you. Keep it covered when not in use.
Don't look directly into the light source.
Never do this for any reason. This includes looking into the end of the cable as well as looking into the light source itself.
Don't try to open the red sharps container.
Use the flap to dispose of tips. Do not open the container.
Don't touch your eyes or mouth after working with optical fiber.
Wash your hands first.
Don't use the tools for any purpose other than what they were intended.
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

24. Activity 5.2 Terminating an Optical Cable with an ST Connector
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
Activity 5.2 Terminating an Optical Cable with an ST Connector
Objectives: To safely and correctly construct a Fiber Optic patch cord, then to use a power meter and light source to measure its attenuation.
Procedure:
Prepare the work Area
Before you begin, set up your workstation. Make sure you have all the materials required. Put on your safety glasses and keep them on. Check the items off as you complete them.
1. Safety
safety glasses
2. The workstation secure location
disposal disks installed tray correct
3. Cable and connectors two ST connectors
a length of building cable
review ST directions on the following pages
4. Tools and consumables buffer stripper scissors
jacket cutter applicator tip alcohol wipes
polishing film (12μm, 5μm, 1μm, 0.3μm)
adhesive, primer (provided by your instructor along with the location of the applicator tip disposal unit and directions)
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

25. Prepare the Connector and Cable 5. Connector
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
Prepare the Connector and Cable
5. Connector
Open the connector package and lay out the connector. Ensure you have all of the parts.
6. Cable
Use the jacket cutter and cut the jacket back about one foot.
7. expose the 900μm Fiber
Separate the fibers from the aramid and cut the aramid off as shown.
Figure
Figure
Figure
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

26. 5 8. Pull a fiber from the bundle
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
8. Pull a fiber from the bundle
Pull one fiber from the building cable - don’t jerk it; use steady pressure. Removing the fiber is easier if the cable is straight. Work with a partner. The fiber is sensitive to being bent. Pull it straight.
Figure
Figure
9. Strip the jacket and buffer
Strip the jacket and buffer off of the cable exposing the fiber. When using the buffer stripper, strip about half an inch at a time, in the direction labeled on the tool. Strip a total of about two inches of buffer.
Figure
10. Clean the fiber
Use an alcohol wipe and clean the fiber. Wipe in straight motions. Do not bend the fiber. Remove any excess clear buffer. The fiber will squeak when cleaned correctly.
When cleaned, secure the fiber on your termination tray.
Figure
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

27. If you have difficulty, ask your instructor for help.
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5 1
Test Fit
11. Test fit
Carefully slide the fiber through the connector to verify that there are no obstructions, then remove it. Practice aligning and inserting the fiber into the connector until you get the feel of how to insert a fiber.
If you have difficulty, ask your instructor for help.
The inside of the connector is shaped like a funnel, but with a tiny ridge around the inside opening. A little practice will enable you to get past this ridge and all the way through.
Once you complete the test fit, secure the fiber on the termination tray.
Figure
Figure
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

28. 5 Assemble 12. Adhesive in the connector
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
Assemble
12. Adhesive in the connector
Twist the applicator tip onto the adhesive bottle nozzle. Insert the tip of the adhesive applicator into the back of the connector. Put it all the way in. Squeeze adhesive into the connector, until a small bead of adhesive forms on the connector tip. Secure the connector on the termination tray and replace the top on the adhesive.
13. Apply Activator
Apply activator to the last 1/4 inch of buffer and first 1/4 inch of fiber. See diagram on the right.
Figure
Figure
Figure
Caution:
If you get adhesive primer on your skin or eyes, notify your instructor immediately.
Figure
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

29. 14. Glue the fiber in the connector
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
Glue
14. Glue the fiber in the connector
Insert the fiber into the connector, making sure the buffer is completely seated against the back of the connector.
Figure
Figure
Figure
15. Cleave the Fiber
With the flat blade carbide scribe (cleaving tool), scribe the fiber close to the surface of the connector.
Move the tool in a straight line across the glass.
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

30. Remove the excess fiber with a gentle straight pull.
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
Cleave
16. remove Scribed Fiber
Remove the excess fiber with a gentle straight pull.
If the fiber does not pull off easily, scribe it a second time, and try again.
17. Dispose of the Cleaved Fiber
Place the excess fiber on the Fiber Optic Disposal Disc attached to the termination tray.
Figure
18. Attach Boot
Slide the boot up the fiber and attach it to the connector.
Figure
Figure
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

31. This will reduce the risk of breaking the fiber during the next steps.
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
Polish
19. Air polish
Hold the 12μm polishing film vertically. Move the connector into contact with the film. Polish the cleaved fiber using light circular or figure eight strokes. Continue polishing until the harsh scratching sound fades away.
This will reduce the risk of breaking the fiber during the next steps.
20. Clean pads
Clean both rubber pads (thick pad and thin pad) with alcohol wipes before starting the polishing procedure.
Figure
Figure
Figure
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32. Terminating Fiber Optic Cable5
21. Using the polishing puck, polish with the 12μm polishing film on the thick pad.
Place the 12μm polishing film on the thick polishing surface. Make figure eights with moderate pressure.
22. Using the polishing puck, polish with the 5μm polishing film on the thin pad.
Continue polishing for figure eights. Clean the connector surface with an alcohol wipe and inspect with the microscope.
23. Using the polishing puck, polish with the 1μm polishing film on the thin pad.
24. Using the polishing puck, polish with the 0.3μm polishing film on the thin pad.
Finally, continue polishing for figure eights. Clean the connector surface with an alcohol wipe and inspect with the microscope.
Figure
Figure
Figure
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

33. 5 Inspect 25. Inspect the connector
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
Inspect
25. Inspect the connector
Remove the connector from the polishing puck.
Clean the connector tip, polished end and polishing puck with alcohol wipes.
Insert the connector into the microscope. Point the other end of the cable at a light in the classroom to provide back light, and inspect the fiber connector end.
26. Inspection
Inspect the connector, clean, polish or discard as necessary. Check some of the conditions on the next page.
Compare your cable to a known good one.
27. Protect
Place the dust cover on the connector and store it in a secure place.
Figure
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems
Figure

34. What to Look for During Inspection
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
What to Look for During Inspection
A well-polished tip should look like example #1. There should be no streaks, lines or spots in the core area.
example #3 shows scratches on the core.
example #4 shows a situation where the fiber did not break cleanly. Depending on the contours of the break and the kind of connector, this may be corrected by polishing.
example #6 shows a grave situation where the fiber has split. There is no way to tell how deep this split is. The best solution here is to start again.
Polishing and cleaning can probably correct the conditions shown by the remaining examples. You can use the known good patch cord as an example of a good termination
for comparison.
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

35. Activity 5.3 Performing a Continuity Test
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
Activity 5.3 Performing a Continuity Test
Remove the protective covering from the ST connectors of the pre-made test cord.
Carefully push the ST connector onto the SPOT coupler.
Turn your SPOT on. Select either blinking or steady light.
Look at the open end of the fiber optic cable and record your observations.
You will see a small pinhole of light at the tip of the ST connector.
Turn off your SPOT and detach the connector.
Replace the protective coverings of your pre-made patch cord.
Replace the pre-made test cord with your newly constructed cable. If you cannot see a small pinhole of light at the tip of the ST connector, it most likely indicates that the fiber is broken or improperly terminated. If you do not see any light you should repeat Part I and remove the connector you suspect is bad and re terminate.
Figure
Figure
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

36. Activity 5.4 Testing an ST to ST Fiber Optic Cable for Attenuation
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
Activity 5.4 Testing an ST to ST Fiber Optic Cable for Attenuation
1. Turn on the light Source and Power meter
Allow them a few minutes to warm up. (Since you will be sharing the test units with the class, they may already be warmed up).
2. light Source On CW
Steady power light
3. Power meter
850nm dB
4. Zero the meter
Use a known good patch cord.
5. remove the cable
Remove the cable from the power meter and put an ST to ST adapter on the cable.
6. Connect the newly constructed cable
Connect the newly constructed cable to the ST to ST adapter and the power meter.
7. Attenuation
Determine the attenuation of the newly constructed cable.
Figure
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37. Terminating Fiber Optic Cable5

38. Activity 5.5 Terminating Fiber Optic Cable
Objective: To identify the types of connectorization in Fiber Optic cables and to describe and list the process step-by-step for installing Fiber Optic connectors.
Review the termination process and your notes.
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

39. Activity 5.6 SC Connector Demonstration
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
Activity 5.6 SC Connector Demonstration
Making a patch cord using SC connectors and patch cord
Objective: Observe the demonstration and note the steps in termination process
Show the movie and or conduct a demonstration.
Stress safe lab procedures.
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

40. 5 Activity 5.7 Terminating Optical Cable with an SC Connector
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
Activity 5.7 Terminating Optical Cable with an SC Connector
Objectives: To safely and correctly construct a Fiber Optic patch cord then to use a power meter and light source to measure its attenuation.
Procedure:
Prepare the work Area
Before you begin, set up your workstation. Make sure you have all the materials required. Put on your safety glasses and keep them on. Check the items off as you complete them.
Safety
safety glasses
2. The work station secure location disposal disks installed tray correct
3. Cable and connectors
two SC connectors
a length of patch cord
review SC directions on the following pages
4. Tools and consumables
buffer stripper
scissors jacket cutter applicator tip alcohol wipes
polishing film (12μm, 5μm, 1μm, 0.3μm)
adhesive, primer (provided by your instructor along with the location of the applicator tip disposal unit and directions)
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41. Prepare the Connector and Cable
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
Prepare the Connector and Cable
5. Connector
Open the connector package and lay out the connector. Ensure you have all of the parts.
connector cover boot crimp ring dust cap
6. Cable
Obtain about a one-foot section of patch cord.
7. Knot the cable
Tie a loose knot in the cable to keep the 900μm buffered fiber and aramid from slipping while working with it.
8. Install the boot and crimp ring
Install the boot and crimp ring, in order and pointed as shown in figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
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42. Terminating Fiber Optic Cable5
9. Prepare the cable
Strip the patch cord jacket and cut the aramid and buffer to the lengths shown.
Use the jacket stripper, scissors and buffer stripper.
10. Clean the fiber
Use an alcohol wipe and clean the fiber. Wipe in straight motions. Do not bend the fiber. Remove any excess clear buffer. The fiber will squeak when cleaned correctly.
When cleaned, secure the fiber on your termination tray.
Figure
Figure
Figure
This is a metric ruler to scale.
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

43. Terminating Fiber Optic Cable5
Test Fit
11. Test Fit
Carefully slide the fiber through the connector to verify that it will go through, then remove it. Practice aligning and inserting the fiber into the connector until you get the feel of how to insert a fiber. If you have difficulty, ask your instructor for help. The inside of the connector is shaped like a funnel, but with a tiny ridge around the inside opening. A little practice will enable you to get past this ridge and all the way through. Once you complete the test fit, secure the fiber on the termination tray.
Figure
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

44. 5 Glue and Assemble 12. Adhesive in the connector
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
Glue and Assemble
12. Adhesive in the connector
Twist the applicator tip onto the adhesive bottle nozzle. Insert the tip of the adhesive applicator into the back of the connector. Put it all the way in. Squeeze adhesive into the connector, until a small bead of adhesive forms on the connector tip.
Place the connector on the termination tray and the adhesive top over the applicator tip for safety.
13. Primer on the fiber
Open the bottle of primer and brush it on both the buffer and the glass. Ensure the area is covered.
Apply activator to the last 1/4 inch of buffer and first 1/4 inch of fiber. See figure
14. Glue the fiber in the connector
Insert the fiber into the connector, making sure the buffer is completely seated against the back of the connector.
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

45. 5 Assemble and Crimp 15. Crimp
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
Assemble and Crimp
15. Crimp
Slide the crimp ring over the aramid and over the rear of the connector. Crimp the large ring with the setting. Crimp the small area of the crimp ring with the setting. This will secure the jacket to the connector.
Note: If your crimper is in inches use instead of 4.51 and use instead of 3.84.
Figure
Figure
Figure
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

46. 5 Cleave 16. Cleave the fiber
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
Cleave
16. Cleave the fiber
With the flat blade carbide scribe (cleaving tool), scribe the fiber close to the end of the connector.
Move the tool in a straight line across the glass.
17. remove scribed fiber
Remove the excess fiber with a gentle straight pull.
If the fiber does not pull off easily, scribe it a second time, and try again.
18. Dispose of the cleaved fiber
Place the excess fiber on the Fiber Optic Disposal Disc attached to the termination tray.
Figure
Figure
Figure
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47. Terminating Fiber Optic Cable5
Polish
19. Air Polish
Hold the 12μm polishing film vertically. Move the connector into contact with the film. Polish the cleaved fiber using light circular or figure eight strokes. Continue polishing until the harsh scratching sound fades away.
Be careful not to break the exposed fiber.
This will reduce the risk of breaking the fiber during the next steps.
20. Clean Pads
Clean both rubber pads (thick surface and thin surface) with alcohol wipes before starting the polishing procedure.
Figure
Figure
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

48. Terminating Fiber Optic Cable5
21. Using the polishing puck, polish with the 12μm polishing film on the thick pad.
Place the 12μm polishing film on the thick polishing surface. Make figure eights with moderate pressure.
22. Using the polishing puck, polish with the 5μm polishing film on the thin pad.
Continue polishing for figure eights. Clean the connector surface with an alcohol wipe and inspect with the microscope.
23. Using the polishing puck, polish with the 1μm polishing film on the thin pad.
24. Using the polishing puck, polish with the 0.3μm polishing film on the thin pad. Finally, continue polishing for figure eights. Clean the connector surface with an alcohol wipe and inspect with the microscope.
Figure
Figure
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

49. 5 Inspect 25. Inspect the connector
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
Inspect
25. Inspect the connector
Remove the connector from the polishing puck. Clean the connector tip, polished end and polishing puck with alcohol wipes.
Insert the connector into the microscope. Point the other end of the cable at a light in the classroom to provide back light and inspect the fiber connector end.
26. Inspection
Inspect the connector, clean, polish or discard as necessary. Check some of the conditions on the next page. Compare your cable to a known good one.
27. Protect
Place the dust cover on the connector and store it in a secure place.
28. Attach the boot
Slide the boot up the fiber and attach it to the connector.
29. Install outer collar
When the outer collar is fully assembled it will
click into place.
Figure
Figure
Figure
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems
Figure
Figure

50. What to Look for During Inspection
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
What to Look for During Inspection
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

51. example #3 shows scratches on the core.
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
A well-polished tip should look like example #1 above. There should be no streaks, lines or spots in the core area.
example #3 shows scratches on the core.
example #4 shows a situation where the fiber did not break cleanly. Depending on the contours of the break and the kind of connector, this may be corrected by polishing.
example #6 shows a grave situation where the fiber has split. There is no way to tell how deep this split is. The best solution here is to start again.
Polishing and cleaning can probably correct the conditions shown by the remaining examples. You can use the premade patch cord as an example of a good termination for comparison.
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

52. Activity 5.8 Performing a Continuity Test
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
Activity 5.8 Performing a Continuity Test
Remove the protective covering from the SC connectors of the pre-made test cord.
Carefully push the SC connector onto the SPOT coupler.
Turn your SPOT on. Select either blinking or steady light.
Look at the open end of the fiber optic cable and record your observations.
You will see a small pinhole of light at the tip of the SC connector.
Turn off your SPOT and detach the connector.
Replace the protective coverings of your pre-made patch cord.
Replace the pre-made test cord with your newly constructed cable. If you cannot see a small pinhole of light at the tip of the SC connector, it most likely indicates that the fiber is broken or improperly terminated. If you do not see any light you should repeat Part I and remove the connector you suspect is bad and re-terminate.
Figure
Figure
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

53. 5 Activity 5.9 Testing an SC to SC Fiber Optic Cable for Attenuation
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
Activity 5.9 Testing an SC to SC Fiber Optic Cable for Attenuation
1. Turn on the light Source and Power meter
Allow them a few minutes to warm up. (Since you will be sharing the test units with the class, they may already be warmed up).
2. light Source On CW
Steady power light
3. Power meter
850nm dB
4. Zero the meter
Use a known good patch cord.
Figure
5. remove the cable
Remove the cable from the power meter and put an ST to SC adapter on the cable.
6. Connect the newly constructed cable
Connect the newly constructed cable to the ST to SC adapter and the power meter.
7. Attenuation
Determine the attenuation of the newly constructed cable.
Cable Attenuation_______________
Industry standard sets the acceptable attenuation for a connection at 0.75dB for each mated connector pair.
The test for this module uses the following table for module 5 Scoring Attenuation Points scoring. Use it as a guide when determining1.5dB or less = 15 pointsattenuation.1.6dB - 1.9dB = 12 points2.0dB - 2.5dB = 10 points2.6dB and above = 8 points Figure
Figure
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

54. Describe the termination process for either the ST or SC connector.
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
Activity 5.10 Fiber
Connectorization
Describe the termination process for either the ST or SC connector.
Grade to Standard
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

55. 5 Module Review The Steps of Termination The ten steps are:
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
Module Review
The Steps of Termination
The ten steps are:
1. Prepare the work area safety workstation cable and connectors tools and consumables
2. Prepare the connector check parts
3. Prepare the cable 900μm buffered cable patch cord install boots and crimp rings expose the fiber
4. Test fit
5. Glue connector fiber and buffer
6. Cleave
7. Assemble crimp assemble install the boot
8. Polish air polish polishing puck polishing film install the collar (SC connector only)
9. Inspect
10. Protect
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

56. Anaerobic A bonding agent that does not cure in the presence of air.
Terminating Fiber Optic Cable 5
New Terms
Terms Definition
Anaerobic A bonding agent that does not cure in the presence of air.
Epoxy A very strong glue made of two parts.
Score To create a small break.
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

57. © 1998-2012 by C-Tech Associates, Inc.
Introduction to Networking Fiber Optic-Based Systems (Version 3.3)
© by C-Tech Associates, Inc.
TRADEMARK ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
All Trademarks and Registered Trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Any oversight in acknowledging trademarks shall not be regarded as affecting the validity of any of these or as an infringement on them.
ISBN# Fiber Optics 3.3 Student Manual and
CD Fiber Optics 3.3 Student Manual, CD and Consumables
Fiber Optics 3.3 Instructor Manual and CD
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems

58. QUESTIONS? Module Test Time! 5 Terminating Fiber Optic Cable
Introduction to Network Cabling Fiber Optic-Based Systems