1. Instructor: Çağrı Topal
BA 4216 Cross-cultural Studies in Organizations Cross-cultural management dimensions
Instructor: Çağrı Topal

2. Parochialism and Ethnocentrism
“There is only one way, which is my way”
“You don’t know what you know”
Ethnocentrism
“There are many ways, among which mine is the best”
“You don’t know what I know”

3. Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s Model-1
Relationships to nature
Domination, subjugation, or harmony
Beliefs about human nature
Good, evil, or mixed
Relationships among people
Individualist, collateral, or hierarchical

4. Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s Model-2
Nature of human activity
Being, doing/achieving, thinking/controlling
Conception of space
Private, public, mixed
Conception of time
Past, present, future

5. Hofstede’s model Collectivism vs. individualism
Small vs. large power distance
Weak vs. strong uncertainty avoidance
Femininity vs. masculinity

6. Trompenaars’s dimensions
Universalism vs. particularism
Individualism vs. communitarianism
Neutral vs. affective
Specific vs. diffuse
Achievement vs. ascription
Sequential time vs. synchronic time
Inner-directed vs. outer-directed

7. Schwartz’s framework Conservatism vs. autonomy
Hierarchy vs. egalitarianism
Mastery vs. harmony

8. An American organization
Short-term employment and planning
Individual responsibility
Rapid evaluation and individual promotion
Explicit and formalized control
Specialized career paths
Segmented concern
Possible to bypass hierarchy
Problem-solver managers

9. A Japanese organization
Long-term employment and planning
Collective responsibility
Slow evaluation and group promotion
Implicit and formal control
Nonspecialized career paths
Holistic concern
Difficult to bypass hierarchy
Expert managers

10. Workforce diversity: advantages
Business in diverse marketplace
Creativity and increased problem solving
Flexibility and change

11. Workforce diversity: disadvantages
High convergence situations
Communication and integration problems
Stereotyping
Gender role conflicts
Culture shock