1. Please answer the following prompt in a complete paragraph:
Bell Work Tuesday 4/08
Please answer the following prompt in a complete paragraph:
In order to provide for a family often parents/guardians work long hours or sacrifice their personal desires for the good of those they love. Tell me about someone you know/look up to and describe what they do to care for you or your family. (Make sure to give quality examples)
Sentence Stem Ex: I really look up to my ____ because they…….

2. SSR + Log Tuesday 4/08
Please sit quietly with your desks cleared and have your pencil/pen ready for SSR

3. SSR + Log Tuesday 4/08
Please take two minutes to discuss our SSR article with your table mates. When you receive your SSR Meta-cognitive log please read the directions and select and circle five sentence stems to help complete the activity

4. Bell Work Wednesday 4/09
Look in your book beginning on page and begin reading to find the answers
1. What were the four factors that contributed to Britain’s Industrialization?
2. How did the rising population benefit the Industrial Revolution?
3. What American invention aided in the textile industry?

5. The Industrial Revolution
Chapter 25

6. Section 1-The Beginnings of Industrialization

7. Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain
The Industrial Revolution-
The increased output of machine-made goods beginning in England in the mid 1700’s
Enclosures-
Large fenced in fields in which landowners experimented with productive seeding and harvesting methods to boost crop harvests

8. Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain
Seed Drill-
Invented by Jethro Tull in 1701 that allowed farmers to plant seeds in well-spaced rows at specific depths.
Crop Rotation-
Designed to rotate crops that drained nutrients from the soil (ex. Wheat) with crops that replenish them (ex. Turnips)

9. Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain
Industrialization- The process of developing the machine production of goods through the use of natural resources.
Natural Resources used for Industrialization
Water and coal power
Iron Ore to construct tools, machines and buildings
Rivers for inland transportation
Harbors for the ships to set sail

10. Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain
Factors of Production-The resources needed to produce goods and services that the Industrial Revolution required.
Ex. Land, labor and capital (a.k.a wealth)

11. Improvements in Transportation
Entrepreneur-Someone who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business.
The steam engine was modified by James Watt for increased efficiency.
Ex. Robert Fulton's Clermont was a steam ship that ferried passengers up and down the Hudson River

12. The Railway Age Begins
The steam powered railroad locomotive was the driving force behind English industry after 1820
Steam-Driven Locomotives-
1804 Richard Trevithick won several thousand dollars on a bet that he could haul 10 tons of iron ore nearly 10 miles with a steam engine

13. The Railway Age Begins The Liverpool-Manchester Railroad-
English entrepreneurs wanted a rail line to connect the cities of Liverpool and Manchester.
A contest was held to see which train would run on the line
George Stephenson’s Rocket won by hauling 13 tons at nearly 24 miles per hour

14. The Railway Age Begins Railroads Revolutionize Life in Britain-
The Four Major Effects of the Locomotive-
Materials and finished products were cheap to transport
The new rail lines created thousands of new jobs
Agricultural and fishing industries saw a boost b/c of new transportation opportunities
Travel became easier and people could now live farther from their jobs

15. Bell Work Thursday 4/10 Look in your book beginning on page 723
and begin reading to find the answers
1. Why did people flock to cities and towns during the Industrial Revolution?
2. What social class expanded as a result of industrialization?
3. What were some of the negative effects of the rapid growth of Manchester?

16. Section 2-Industrialization

17. Industrialization Changes Life
Industrialization had positive and negative effects on the lives of Britain’s citizens
Positive Effects-
Most peoples quality of life improved
There was a plentiful supply of jobs
Negative Effects-
Change to machine production initially caused human suffering
Working conditions were often unhealthy
Rising class tensions

18. Industrialization Changes Life
Urbanization- The building of new cities and the movement of people to these cities
Between 1800 and 1850 the number of cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants grew from 22 to 47

19. Industrialization Changes Life
Living Conditions-
Due to the rapid growth of English cities they had several problems
No development plan
No sanitary codes
No building codes
They also lacked adequate
Education
Housing
Police Protection

20. Industrialization Changes Life
Typical living conditions-
People lived in dark, dirty houses, with one family in a room
Diseases like cholera was common due to poor removal of excrement
A British study estimated a life span of factory workers to be 17 years compared to 38 years for those living in rural areas

21. Industrialization Changes Life
Working Conditions-
In order to be a productive as possible companies often had their employees work 14 hour shifts, 6 days a week
Other Issues-
Dark and dirty factories
Boilers might explode or limbs could get caught in machines
No workman’s comp if you were injured on the job
Mines were the most dangerous
Miners lived 10 years less than anyone else

22. Class Tensions Grow
Middle Class-A social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, business people and wealthy farmers
Middle Class was neither rich nor poor
Upper middle class was made up of:
Gov. employees, doctors, lawyers, and those who managed mines, and shops
Lower middle class was made up of:
Tool makers, mechanical drafters, and printers

23. Class Tensions Grow Working Class-
Between 1800 and 1850 workers saw little improvement in living and working conditions
Angry that their livelihoods were disappearing due to labor saving machines they began to destroy them out of anger

24. Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Positive Effects of the Revolution-
Created new jobs
Contributed to the wealth of the nation
Technological progress was made through new inventions
Production of consumer goods increased
Standard of living was raised

25. Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Long Term Effects-
Consumer goods considered luxuries years ago are now affordable for everyone
Profits from industrialization creates tax revenue
These funds allow government to raise the standard of living for city dwellers

26. Bell Work Tuesday 4/14
Look in your book beginning on page and begin reading to find the answers
1. What early industries mechanized in the United States?
2. Why did Belgium lead Europe in Industrializing?
3. How did the Industrial Revolution shift the balance of power in the world?

27. Section 3-Industrialization Spreads

28. Industrial Development in the United States
During the War of 1812 the British blockade forced the U.S. to develop their own industry
Luckily the U.S. had the same resources that allowed Britain to industrialize
Fast flowing rivers
Deposits of coal and iron ore
Supply of laborers

29. Industrial Development in the United States
U.S. industrialization began in the textile industry
Britain wouldn’t let mechanics, tool makers, or engineers leave the country
1813-Francis Cabot Lowell and four other investors opened up a factory that mechanized every stage of cloth manufacturing
Young women began to work in these factories earning more money and finding independence

30. Industrial Development in the United States
Later Industrial Expansion-
The U.S. largely agricultural until after the Civil War ended in 1865
Technological Boom-
Light bulb and the telephone met the demands of a booming population

31. Industrial Development in the United States
The Rise of Corporations-
Stock- Certain rights of ownership sold to help entrepreneurs open or expands their business
Corporation-A business owned by stock holders who share in it’s profits but are not personally responsible for it’s debts

32. Continental Europe Industrializes
European businessmen yearned to replicate the “British miracle” of rapidly manufacturing goods
The Napoleonic Wars had halted trade, interrupted communication and caused inflation in Europe
Continental Europe’s industrialization began in Belgium

33. Continental Europe Industrializes
Germany Industrializes-
Germany was politically divided
Economic isolation and scattered resources hampered industrialization
Around 1835 Germany began to copy the Britain by importing British equipment and engineers
They also sent their kids to England to learn industrial management

34. Impact of Industrialization
The Rise of Global Inequality
Global trade was strengthened but the gap between the industrialized and unindustrialized widened
This led to the increased colonization of smaller countries for natural resources
Due to imperialism European economies were based on industry while Asian and African economies were still based on agriculture

35. Bell Work Tuesday 4/15
Look in your book beginning on page and begin reading to find the answers
1.What were Adam Smith’s three natural laws of economics?
2. What kind of society did early socialists want?
3. Why did workers join together to form unions?

36. Section 4-Reforming the Industrial World

37. The Philosophies of Industrialization
Laissez-faire-An economic policy of letting owners of industry and business set working conditions with out (gov.) interference
French for “let people do as they please”
Capitalism-An economic system where the factors of production are privately owned and money is invested to make a personal profit

38. The Philosophies of Industrialization
Adam Smith-Professor at the University of Glasgow (Scotland) wrote the Wealth of Nations in 1776
His book defended the idea of a free economy, saying “economic liberty guaranteed economic progress”

39. The Philosophies of Industrialization
Adam Smith’s Three Natural Laws of Economics
The Law of Self-Interest
People work for their own good
The Law of Competition
Competition forces people to make a better product
The Law of Supply and Demand
Maximum amount of goods will be produced at the lowest possible price to meet the needs of the people

40. The Rise of Socialism
Utilitarianism-The theory that people should judge ideas, institutions, and actions on the basis of their utility and usefulness
Socialism- An economic system where the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all

41. Marxism: Radical Socialism
Marxism-Radical form of socialism introduced by Karl Marx in a 23 page packet called “The Communist Manifesto”
Felt the Industrial Revolution enriched the wealthy and improvised the poor.
He felt the workers would overthrow the owners
Marx felt communism was the “complete form of socialism”

42. Labor Unions and Reform Law
Unions- Voluntary labor associations in which workers joined together to press for reforms
Strikes- A collective refusal to work
Workers will usually strike until their demands for the improvement of working conditions or higher wages is met

43. Labor Unions and Reform Law
Laws that Reformed Working Conditions in England
Factory Act of 1833
Made it illegal to hire kids under 9 to work in the factory
Kids 9-12 couldn’t work more than 8 hours a day
Kids couldn’t work more than 12 hours a day
Mines Act 1842-
Women and children could no longer work underground in the mines
Ten Hours Act of 1847-
Limited the work day of women and children in factories to 10 hours

44. The Reform Movement Spreads
The Abolition of Slavery-
The British abolished slavery in 1833
The American’s abolished slavery 1865
Puerto Rico abolished slavery 1873
Brazil abolished slavery 1888