1. Chapter 7, Deviance, Conformity and Social Control
The Role of Context in Defining Deviance
Deviance: The Violation of Norms
Defining Deviance
Structural Strain Theory
Differential Association Theory
Factors that Shape U.S. and Chinese Systems of Social Control

2. The Nature of Deviance
Almost any behavior or appearance can qualify as deviant under the right circumstances.
Conceptions of what is deviant may vary over time and place.

3. Deviance Is A Complex Concept
Definitions of deviance change over time and place.
Not everyone who commits a deviant act is caught and not everyone who is punished committed the crime.
Rule makers, rule enforcers and the larger social audience affect how behaviors or appearances are defined as deviant.

4. Deviance and Society Deviance is important to society for two reasons:
Ritual for identifying and exposing wrongdoing, determining a punishment, and carrying it out, binds together the members of a group.
Deviance is useful in making necessary changes and preparing people for change.

5. Labeling Theory
For every rule a social group creates, four categories of people exist:
Conformists
Pure deviants
Secret deviants
Falsely accused

6. Labeling Theory: 2 Assumptions
Rules are socially constructed.
Those rules are not enforced uniformly or consistently.

7. Structural Strain Three factors:
Culturally valued goals defined as legitimate for all members of society.
Norms that specify the legitimate means of achieving these goals.
The actual number of legitimate opportunities available to people to achieve the culturally valued goals.

8. Responses to Structural Strain
Conformity
Innovation
Ritualism
Retreatism
Rebellion

9. Traits of the Chinese Civilization
Confucian system of ethics - emphasizes order, justice, harmony, personal virtue and obligation, devotion to family and respect for tradition, age and authority.
System of family responsibility making each member responsible for the conduct of other family members.

10. Traits of the Chinese Civilization
Imperial tradition gives rulers supreme authority over the lives of the people.
No regime in China has ever relinquished its power with out first resorting to bloodshed.