1. The Roman Empire Marc Antony seized Caesars will & incited the mobs
The murderers fled
Octavian was named the successor
Antony & Lepidus would join
The 2nd Triumvirate

2. Antony + Cleopatra Antony was preoccupied with Cleopatra
This angered Octavian-he chased Antony
Antony thought that she had died so he…
Fell upon his sword
She then committed suicide
Octavian’s power was now complete

3. Octavian + the 2nd Triumvirate
Octavian-based in Rome
Antony-Alexandria
Lepidus-N.Africa

4. Octavian 27 BC-14AD Administration-trusted governors
Kept local customs
Loyal Army
Adopted a son and appointed him his successor (Tiberius)
Beginning of Pax Romana

5. Octavian Reforms Purged & reorganized the Senate
Staged it so that the Senate appeared to have power
Split the provinces
Took over the army
Paid the salaries of the soldiers

6. Successors 14-68 Tiberius-paranoid; murdered enemies Caligula-Insane
Claudius-ok, marital problems
Nero-overthrown by a coup, killed himself

7. Successors 68-96 The Flavians Vespasian-Very effective
Titus-well liked
Domitian-the last of the Flavians

8. The Antoine Dynasty 96-180 “Five Good Emperors” Nerva 96-98
Trajan
Hadrian
Pius
Marcus Aurilius

9. Roman Literature Virgil-The Aeneid Horace-moral poems
Plutarch-Parrallel Lives

10. Roman Law 12 tablets Rules for trial Evidence Witnesses Punishments
Rights of husbands + fathers ( whether children live or die)
Free Divorce

11. Roman Law
Judicial Interpretation
“Natural Law”
Codification-Justinian

12. Epicurus Achieving Happiness Decreasing pain is the key
Fear is the worst
Not a fan of religion

13. Zeno Founder of Stoicism Even keel at all times “Smooth + Easy”
Harmony thru virtue
Marcus Aurelius

14. Architecture + Engineering
Based on Greek
Arch
Vault
Dome
Aqueducts-no mortar-interlocking stone
Dirt and Stone roads-unmatched until the 20th century

15. Roman Arch

16. Aqueduct

17. Architecture

18. Baths of Diocletian

19. Marcus Aurelius
Constantly at war
Was an opium addict
A stoic

20. The End of Rome: The Beginning of Europe
Death of Marcus Aurelius
End of Pax Romana
His son took over:
The “worthless” Commodus

21. Commodus + the Decline of Rome
Was well prepared to rule but…
Was awful
Preferred to bask in glory and wealth
Thought of himself as a Herculean God
Sold high level positions to incompetents
Was strangled by Narcissus on the command of his cousin/mistress

22. Commodus

23. Born in Croatia
Son of a freed slave
Worked the ranks
Declared emperor by his troops
Strengthened the bureaucracy
Divides the empire into 2 (286)
By 395 the division was permanent
120 provinces
“Sacred Monarchy”

24. Constantine

25. Constantine Edict of Milan Freedom of Worship Constantinople
God’s rep on Earth
Tried to strengthen the Empire
Heavy Taxes on the peasants
Peasants couldn’t afford them
Sold what they had
Beginnings of Feudalism

26. The Invasion of the Huns
The Huns hailed from northern China
They were kicked out
Moved westward
Invaded Europe
This forced the Goths to seek refuge in the Roman Empire
At first the Huns were treated badly; then
They fought back

27. Merging of Romans + Barbarians
As time passed the Barbarians merged with the Romans
The Huns would invade, this strengthened the growing bond between the Romans + the Barbarians

28. Huns Expelled from northern China Invaded Europe 376 AD
Help power for roughly 150 years
Eventually they were driven out

29. The Empire of the Huns

30. Germanic Barbarians
Visigoths

31. Ostrogoths

32. Barbarians Farmers Breeders Warriors Adopted Roman customs
Pillaged the outposts of the Empire
Spread Disease
Would eventually blend in and help to divide the empire

33. Barbarian Chieftains Assumed local power
This power was granted by the empire
Eventually these Chieftains did as they pleased
In theory they were subordinate to the Emperor but in practice they became independent Kings
King-Germanic Title for leadership

34. Early 6th Century
The western half of the Empire was carved into various territories
Each was dominated by a different Germanic King

35. The Vandals

36. New Kingdoms The Vandals-N.Africa Ostrogoths-Italy Visigoths-Spain
Franks-Gaul + Germany
Angles + Saxons-Britain

37. Angles-Saxons