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Arabic Language 1 ﺍﻟﻟﻐﺔﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﯾﺔ
Words and Its Types Dr Muhammad S Anwar
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Introduction Check your intention
Be serious about learning any science for the sake of Allaah Be punctual Take notes Come prepared Do home work without failing Missing two lessons in a row without excuse will lead to disqualification from lesson
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Sciences in Arabic Language
Grammar - النَّحْو Formulation – علم الصيغة Morphology – الصَّرْف Etymology - الاشتقاق Writing - الرَّسْم أو الإمْلاء Arabic Rhetoric - عِلْمُ الْبَلاغَة Meanings – المَعاني Science which deals which metaphorical language – البَيلن The Art of beautiful style - البَديع Composition – الإنْشاء Literature - اللأَدَب Pronunciation - التجويد Metrics or Prosody – العَروض Rhyme – القَوافي Writing Poetry - قَرْضُ الشِّعْر Public Speech and Oration – الخَطابَة Literary History - تاريخُ اللأَدَب Core of the Arabic Language -مَتْن اللُّغَة deals with words, foundations, dictionaries, and lexicons
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Terminology حركة مفتوح متحرك مكسور سكون مضموم فتحة َ ساكن كسرة ِ مشدّد
Diacritical mark مفتوح Letter having fat-hah متحرك Letter with harakah مكسور Letter having kasrah سكون Silence/Jazm مضموم Letter having dammah فتحة َ ساكن Letter having sukoon كسرة ِ مشدّد Letter having tashdeed ضمة ُ تعريف To make a noun definite تنوين ً ٌ ٍ تنكير To make a noun indefinite
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Mutahharik alif, letter hamzah
Terminology لام التعريف ﺍﻞ attached to a noun تانيث Feminine معرّف بلّلام Noun having ﺍﻞ حروف تهجي Letters of Alphabet واحد Singular الحروف العلّة ﺍ ﻭ ﻯ تثنية Dual الحروف الصحيحة Letters besides جمع Plural ء, اَ, اُ, اِ Mutahharik alif, letter hamzah اسم جمع Collective plural همزة الوصل Hamzah of joining تذكير Masculine منوّن Letter having tanween
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The Word - ﺍﻠﻜﻠﻤﺔ لفظٌ وُضِعَ لِمعنىً مُفرَدٍ
A word having meaning is called ﻜﻠﻤﺔ Three types ﺍﺴﻢ - noun: name of person, place, animal, or thing. It does not have any tense ﻔﻌﻞ - verb: action in any of the three tenses ﺤﺮﻒ - particle: that which does not give complete meaning without attaching to a noun or verb
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لا يقترن معناها باحد الازمنة الثلاثة يقترن معناها باحد الازمنة الثلاثة
كلمة Word لا تدل على معنى فى نفسها Incomplete meaning حرف تدل على معنى فى نفسها Meaningful word لا يقترن معناها باحد الازمنة الثلاثة Time bound فعل يقترن معناها باحد الازمنة الثلاثة Timeless اسم
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علامات الاسم Signs of Noun
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علامات اسم لفظي فى الابتداء حرف جر بزيدٍ ال الرّجلُ مشبه بالغعل انّ زيدًا حرف نداء يا زيدُ فى الوسط مصغّر رُجَيلٌ فى الاخر تنوين زيدٌ ياء النسبة بغداديٌّ تثنية رَجُلانِ جمع مسلمونَ تاء مربوطة طلحةُ
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مرفوع Nominative منصوب Accusative
Types of Noun الاسم اقسام واحد Singular تثنية Dual جمع Plural معرفة Definite نكرة Indefinite مرفوع Nominative منصوب Accusative مجرور Genitive مذكر Masculine مونث Feminine
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The Definite Noun ﺍﻻﺴﻡﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ
It refers to specific things A noun may be made definite either: By adding definite article before it By being followed by the genitive case of possession The prefix ‘ﺍﻞ’ is the definite article. It is equivalent to the English ‘the’. The definite article is actually ‘ﻞ’ only ‘ﺍ’ is added as ‘ﻫﻤﺯﺓﺍﻠﻭﺼﻞ’ for joining.
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Types of Definite Noun ﺍﻘﺴﺎﻢﺍﺴﻢﺍﻠﻤﻌﺮﻔﺔ
Meaning Examples 1 ﺍﺴﻢﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ Proper noun حامدٌ, زَينبُ 2 ﺍﺴﻢﺍﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ Pronoun هُوَ , انت, انا 3 ﺍﺴﻢﺍﻻﺸﺎﺮﺓ Demonstrative pronoun هذا , تلكَ 4 ﺍﺴﻢﺍﻟﻤﻮﺼﻮﻞ Relative pronoun الّذى , الّتى 5 ﺍﺴﻢﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺪﻯ Vocative case يا ولدُ , يا فاطمةُ 6 ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻒﺒﺎﻟﻼﻢ Noun having ﺍﻞ البيتُ , القلمُ 7 ﻤﻀﺎﻒﺍﻟﻰﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻔﺔ Possessive case بيتُ اللهِ , كتابُ البنتِ
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The Definite noun ﺍﻻﺴﻡﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ
Sometimes a proper noun also has tanween in which case the tanween is not regarded as indefinite محمّدٌ, خالدٌ, زيدٌ The definite article ‘ﺍﻝ’ is also called ﻻﻡﺘﻌﺮﻴﻑ. When ‘ﺍﻝ’ is prefixed to any indefinite word, it becomes definite and will be termed ﻤﻌﺮﻑﺑﺎﺍﻻﻡ. فَرَسٌ (a horse) becomes اَلفرَسُ (the horse) Note the tanween falls off when ‘ﺍﻝ’ is attached.
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Paradigm of pronoun
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The Nominative Detached Pronoun ﺍﻟﺿﻤﺎﺋﺭﺍﻟﻤﺭﻓﻭﻋﺔﺍﻟﻤﻧﻔﺻﻟﺔ
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Home Work Revise the lesson on day 2nd and 7th .
Memorise the vocabulary & Paradigm of Pronoun. Find out 15 nouns from Quran.
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