1. The Industrial Revolution
In this lesson, students will be able to define or explain the following terms:
Reasons for the Industrial Revolution
The Domestic System
Urbanization
Laissez-faire Capitalism

2. Industrial revolution
The industrial revolution was a movement toward more mechanized means of production between 1750 and 1820
Led to urbanization and revolutionized the way people worked and farmed, transportation

3. Life before industry
Life of the average person prior to the industrial revolution was very difficult
Lived on small farms
Wages were low
Life revolved around farmer their own food, maintaining a household, making clothing

4. The Industrial Revolution began in Great
Britain in the 1750s. It quickly spread to
Europe and the United States.

5. Why Britain? Number of factors led to industry in Great Britain
Large deposits of coal and iron
Stable political society
Large number of ports used for importing and exporting
World leading colonial power

6. Great Britain had many harbors and rivers, as well as coal.
It had a good location for trade.

7. Great Britain had a vast colonial empire.
This empire brought raw materials to her
ports. Cheap raw materials fueled
industrialization.

8. Cottage industry Textiles were originally produced by villagers
People would pick up raw materials from vendors or merchants
Make the textile (cotton, clothing, etc.)
Give back to the merchant who would sell the final product for a profit

9. New inventions
In 1764 and English inventor named James Hargreaves created the “Spinning Jenny”
Allowed one person to operated multiple spools of thread
Samuel Compton’s spinning mule
Edmund Cartwright's power loom

10. Before the Industrial Revolution, weavers
and craftsmen worked at home. This
was known as the domestic system.

11. Inventions also helped industrialization.
The spinning jenny allowed one person
to spin six or seven threads at once.

14. Iron industry
Advancements with iron also played a central role in the industrial revolution
Abraham Darby used charcoal to make cast iron
Henry Bessemer created the first inexpensive way to make steel out of iron
Called the Bessemer process
Iron and steel became essential in for transportation, factories, buildings, and other infrastructure

16. Transportation
In 1712 Thomas Newcomen invented a reliable steam engine
Using coal to produce steam and power an engine
In 1770 James Watt improved the steam engine
Watt’s steam engine went on ships, locomotives, and power machinery

18. James Watt’s improved steam engine made steam power available for
mechanical purposes. Steam power
could drive many machines.

19. Transportation
Prior to industrial revolution, goods were transported via horse, or ships using sails
In the early 1800’s American Robert Fulton built the first commercially successful steamboat
British engineer Richard Trevithick constructed the first railway steam locomotive

22. urbanization Large numbers of people moved from rural areas to cities
This process is called urbanization
Growth of city population boomed as a result of industrialization
Populations today mostly center around large urban areas and their suburbs
Later transportation inventions will lead to the rise of suburbs and people living just outside the cities

23. Urbanization occurred. Large numbers
of workers moved from the countryside
to cities.

24. E. Napp

25. E. Napp

26. Industrial life Industry brought wider variety of goods to the people
Improved the quality of life for many people
However, workers were subjected to long work hours, poor conditions
Many children were used in the workforce
Poor labor conditions in all industries; mechanical, clothing, food processing

27. Workers were placed together in factories.
Early factories were often unsafe places
to work. Workers worked long hours
and received low wages.

28. The first railroads were created in the
early 1830s. Railroads linked cities,
factories, towns, and rural areas.

29. A new middle class of capitalists emerged.
They developed laissez-faire capitalism
or a free market where the government
does not intervene in the market.

30. Assembly line
Industrial revolution led to other major advancements in industry
In 1913, American Henry Ford introduced the first concept of the assembly line to his Ford Motor Company
Workers perform the exact same job and construct a product progressively as it moves down the line