1. AFRICA
Regents Review

2. Statistics Countries:53 Deserts: 8 Languages: 3,000
People: 1 Billion (1,000,000,000)

5. GEOGRAPHY
Sahara Desert caused Isolation and Protection which in turn caused unique and original culture.

6. Geography
Desertification or the spreading of the desert.

8. Geography
Natural Resources:
GOLD, DIAMONDS, SALT, IVORY

9. IVORY

10. SOCIETY Religion: Animism and spirit worship.
Ethnic Groups called Tribes.
Loyalty to the tribe first.
Many historic tribal rivalries, wars, massacres.

11. HISTORY
Early civilization – Egypt, Nile River

12. History Early Trade Kingdoms Ghana, Mali, Songhai
Existence is evidence of advanced culture prior to European arrival.

14. History “Dark Continent.” – Europe’s term for unexplored Africa.
Racist European belief “White Man’s
Burden.”

15. History of Africa
Berlin Conference where Europeans created African borders while ignoring tribal boundaries.

17. African History
Positives of Imperialism: roads, bridges, technology, schools, hospitals.
Negatives of Imperialism: slavery –Middle Passage, loss of life, resources, culture, freedom.

20. Independence Movements (Post WWII)
Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya
Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana

21. Kenya

22. GHANA

23. SOUTH AFRICA

24. SOUTH AFRICA
British system of racial segregation Apartheid where the minority (white) controlled the majority (black).

25. APARTHEID Passbooks, curfews, separate facilities for the races.
Civil Disobedience against apartheid: Nelson Mandela and the ANC, Steven Biko, Desmond Tutu, F.W. DeClerk.

26. Desmond Tutu Anti-Apartheid activist
First Black Arch-Bishop of Cape Town, South Africa
Supported an economic boycott of goods.

27. Steven Biko Anti-Apartheid leader Led Black Urban Students in Protest
“Black is Beautiful” slogan

28. Nelson Mandela Anti-Apartheid revolutionary
Served 27 years in Prison for his views
Became President of S.A. from

29. CURRENT ISSUES AIDS Crisis, tribal rivalries and genocide.
Darfur (Sudan) – Arab vs. non Arab, fertile land
Rwanda – Hutu majority vs. Tutsi minority.

30. AIDS CRISIS