1. Start...

2. Materials & Processes Into to Wood Mr. Huebsch
Wooden structures surround our every day life. We eat, sleep, and live with wood. Our houses are constructed of wood, we lounge on wooden furniture, as kids we play on wooden toys and playgrounds. Wood is so much a part of our lives that we often take it for granted. But if a person begins to work and manipulate wood they soon realized that is contains qualities of no other material. Between the warmth of its looks and the beauty of its characteristics, wood performs like no other.
Mr. Huebsch

3. Behavioral Objectives
Student will know differences in
Tree type
Hardwood and Softwood
Grain type
How a log is harvested and utilized
Structure of the tree dealing with
Growth
Spring and summer wood
Parts

4. Behavioral Objectives
Methods of drying lumber
Chart
Lumber defects
Definition and Examples
Methods of grading lumber
Hardwoods and Softwoods
Methods of computing lumber quantity
Definitions and Formula’s
Manufactured lumber

5. I. Types of Trees Deciduous (Hardwoods) Coniferous (Softwoods)
Has leaves which shed in the winter
Used for furniture and cabinets
Coniferous (Softwoods)
They have needles and are evergreens
Used for building (construction)

6. Types of Hardwood Common Hardwoods Hickory Chestnut Elm Walnut Ash
Ironwood
Balsa
Basswood
Beach
Dogwood
Common Hardwoods
Walnut
Maple
Apple
Oak - White and red
Birch - white, gray, black
Poplar
Cherry

7. Types of Softwood Common Softwoods Pine - white Hemlock
Spruce - blue, white
Douglas Fir
Silver Fir - White Fir
Cedar - red, yellow
Redwood - Sequoia

8. Grain Type Open Grain (Hardwoods) Closed Grain (Softwoods)
Refers to the cell structure
Porous
Oak and Mahogany
Closed Grain (Softwoods)
Close knit and nonporous cell structure
Name some types of each?

9. II. How a log is Harvested
Video “Technology in Action”
Quiz after the video
Make copies of quiz

10. III. Structure of a tree Growth
Takes place at the tips of the branches
Roots
Around its circumference

11. Structure of the Tree Springwood Summerwood Pith Bark
Newly produced Xylem cells (tree’s peak growing period) larger cells
Summerwood
Little growth in tree (off season) smaller cells
Pith
Soft core in the structural center of a log
Bark
Dead protective tissue

12. Structure of the tree Heartwood Sapwood Around the heartwood
Major portion of the woody structure
Heartwood is dead
Darker in color
Sapwood
Around the heartwood
Lighter in color
Newly produced wood that will become heartwood as the tree matures
Have an overhead ready and a handout of the parts of the tree.

13. Structure of the Tree Cambium Between the sapwood and bark
Growing tissue
Contains Phloem cells (conducts food down the tree)
Contains Xylem cells (conducts water & minerals up the tree)

14. IV. Methods of Drying Lumber
Analyze the chart and determine which system is better

15. Methods of Drying Lumber
Air Drying
1 year per inch of thickness
Used in construction
Kiln Drying
Best for cabinet making
More stable
Higher costs
When drying wood it must be stickered (placed with spacing sticks between boards)

16. V. Defects
Irregularities in wood that affect strength, durability, and looks
Have class try to name a few defects
Have a handout and overhead of different defects

17. Defects Pitch pocket Check Bow, Crook, Twist, Cup Bird Pecks Knot
Internal cavity that contains, or did contain, pitch
Bow, Crook, Twist, Cup
Check
Long narrow crack. Extends across the growth rings
Bird Pecks
Knot
Was once a limb

18. Defects Holes Pinworm holes Wormholes Grub holes Shake
Ring shake- Separation of annual rings
Wind shake- Break across the annual rings (excessive bending

19. VI. Grades of Lumber Hardwoods First grade (91% clear)
Second grade (83% clear)
First and second grades are usually combined into one classification called FAS
Let students realize that there are many other grades but these are the most important

20. Grades of Lumber Softwoods
All have the same grade but the standards vary
#1 and #2 Clear (B grade and better)
C-Select
D-Select
Common lumber #1-#5 (usually distinguished by the coarse appearance)

21. VII. Lumber Computation
Common unit of measurement for lumber is called the Board Foot
Standard unit is 144 cubic inches
If the dimensions are in feet and inches, you must change to all of one or the other
Is a math computation that will be needed and used often if any student becomes a contractor or carpenter.

22. Lumber Computation T” x W” x L” = Board feet 144
When all the dimensions are in inches
T” x W” x L” = Board feet
144
When all the dimensions are in feet
T’ x W’ x L’ = Board feet 12

23. VIII. Manufactured Lumber
Plywood
Odd # of veneer sheets glued face to face
Grades of Plywood (handout)
How to read a back stamp (handout)
Hardboard (Pressed Wood)
Masonite- wood chips exploded into fibers
Held together by woods own lignin
Go over handouts

24. Manufactured Lumber Particleboard
Conglomerate of materials used. All parts of many different types of wood
Equal strength in all directions- it is not brittle

25. Prepare for a test
End...