1. Joints

2. Joints: Arthrology Weakest part of skeleton
Formed at meeting of two bones
FX: mobility

3. Ligaments and Tendons Hold joints together
Ligaments: hold bone to bone
Tendon: hold muscle to bone

4. Classes of Joints
2 Types of Classification:
Functional
Structural

5. Functional Joints

6. 1. Synarthrosis (immobile): skull

7. 2. Amphiarthrosis (slightly mobile): spinal column

8. 3. Diarthrosis (freely movable): appendicular skeleton

9. Structural Classification

10. 1. Fibrous Joints: sutures
Flat bones with fibrous connective tissue
Bone-in-socket
(teeth)

11. 2. Cartilagenous: 2 types:
Synchondrosis: bound with hyaline cartilage (ribs to sternum)
Symphysis: hyaline and a pad of fibrous (pubic and vertebral

12. 3. Synovial Joints: Characteristics
Articular Cartilage
Joint Cavity: bones held with ligaments
Synovial Membrane: secretes fluid for lubricant
Synovial Fluid: oil lubricant – changes consistency during activity
Reinforcing Ligaments: Intracapsular (inside) and extracapsular (outside)

13. 3. Synovial Joints: Characteristics
Meniscus:
-cushion/spacer of cartilage (fibrous)
-crescent shaped
Bursae: “purse”
-bags of lubricant
-act as ball bearings to reduce friction
-Bursitis: inflammation of bursae