1. Economy
Chesapeake – tobacco main crop
Early on many areas prosper
Problem – production would exceed demand
This affects price

2. Farmers make this problem worse by planting more and expanding fields
This puts economy through cycles of boom/bust starting in 1640
This requires more labor - slaves

3. South Carolina and Georgia grow rice in costal areas where they can dam tidal rivers
Rice was hard work – knee deep in water and mud, insects and hot weather

4. Whites do not want to do this work
Turn to slave labor

5. Inland areas grow indigo – used for blue dye
Good compliment to rice

6. Results of Cash Crop Economy
Develop less commercial or industrial economy than the North
Trading of tobacco and rice done by London merchants, later by northern merchants

7. Few cities of more than modest size
-living on plantions and farms
-only small, local merchants

8. North
Develop a commercial sector
Why?
Land less favorable in New England for large scale farming due to cooler climate and rocky soil
Small scale subsistence farming

9. Farming better in Middle Colonies
Pennsylvania is the grain supplier for New England
German immigrants will bring over new techniques for farming

10. Cottage industry – small scale production in the home
Women – spinning, weaving, making candles and soap
Men - carpentry

11. Local businesses emerge:
Blacksmith, cabinet makers, cobblers
Industry regulated by England who wants the colonies to buy her goods

12. Mercantilism:
Theory there is only a finite amount of money and the goal of a country is to get the most they can

13. The best way to make money is to have a favorable balance of trade
The easiest way to do this is to have a colonies that must buy your good

14. Even without restriction colonies do not have the factors necessary for industrial growth:
Labor supply
Domestic market
Transportation infrastrusture

15. North does exploit its natural resources for profit
Fur trade
Lumber
Mining
Fishing

16. Problems for growing economy
1. No money-England wants most of gold there
Find other forms of currency:
Tobacco and land certificates

17. 2. No sure:
Manufacturing
Market
Shipping

18. Much of the colonial trade was with the West Indies, also England and Africa

19. The most well known was the Triangle Trade
Not a single trade route, but a mix of several

21. This helps build a merchant class in North
No competition since non-British ships are not allowed
Have market in England for furs, tobacco and lumber

22. Goods that England does not want colonists ignore laws and sell elsewhere

23. Because some people have money & different goods are coming in there is a rise in
Consumerism

24. Items that were once luxuries were now necessities
Quality of goods becomes associated with virtue and refinement

25. Society

26. More social mobility in the colonies than in England
At the top in the South:
Large Plantation owner
Top socially, politically, economically

27. Plantation is as self-sufficient as possible
Could include chapel and school

28. Remaining social structure includes:
Small planter
Farmer
Slaves

29. Slaves develop their own culture, a mixture of African and European
Lives for slaves varies by owner, where they are owned, job
On large plantation they might learn a job and make money from hiring out – buy freedom

30. New England Communities

31. Based on the town
At the center of the town was the common or green

32. The building with the most prominent place was the church
Around the green were businesses and homes
The outlying fields were divided up based on family size, wealth and social status

33. Town meeting held yearly
Decide important issues
Pick selectmen to govern for the year
Adult males only
Status based on property, wealth and church position

34. As social and economic problems increase new issues arise
Salem Witch Trials

35. Salem Witch Trials 19 residents executed by 1692 Most accused were:
Middle aged women
Widowed with few or no children
Low social position
Involved in domestic conflicts
Frequently accused of other crimes
Inheritors of substantial land or property
“Independent women”

36. Enlightenment Science and human reason
Questions tradition and blind faith
Undermined traditional authority

37. Great Awakening
Early 1700s  Growing concern over declining piety and growing secularism
Movement in earnest in 1730s, height in 1740s
Appeal to women and younger sons
Revival

38. Great Awakening Key People: John and Charles Wesley George Whitefield
Open-air preacher, evangelist
John Edwards
Preacher of traditional Puritan ideas (predestination, absolute sovereignty of god).
Vivid descriptions of Hell

39. Peter Zenger Famous trial (1734-35)
New York Publisher, criticized government
Court Ruling:
Criticisms of government aren’t libelous if they are factually true
Free press

40. EDUCATION
Only a few males received any education beyond the primary level
Most schools are private and only wealthier individuals can afford to send their sons

41. 1647 Massachusetts makes a law all towns must support a public school for males

42. Colleges
Harvard
William & Mary
Yale
College of New Jersey 1746
King’s College
University of Pennsylvania 1755