1. Sounds, Patterns, and Forms:
More Poetic Devices

2. Meter
Prosody: the study of poetic sounds and rhythms (meter, versification)
Scansion: marking the accented and unaccented syllables in a poem to determine meter

3. Metrical Feet Two-syllable: the iamb, the trochee
Three-syllable: the anapest, the dactyl
Marking feet: stresses and virgules (p. 768)

4. Other Rhythmic Devices
caesura (p. 772)
enjambment VS end-stopped lines (p. 772)
Punctuation matters

5. The SOUNDS of poetry Assonance and alliteration onomatopoeia
Euphony and cacophony
(all on p. 775)

6. Rhyme Exact rhyme VS slant rhyme
Where does the rhyme occur? (p )
How does rhyme affect tone? meaning?

7. FORM Closed-form poetry – clearly recognizable shapes or forms
Open-form poetry – more free and spontaneous

8. Begin with the Verse: Blank verse The couplet The Tercet or Triplet
The Quatrain

9. Special Tercet Forms:
Terza-rima: a tercet form with interlocking stanzas (p. 813)
Villanelle: a complex tercet form (p. 813)

10. Common Closed-Form Types
The sonnet
The ballad
The ode
The haiku
Epigrams and epitaphs
The Limerick
The Clerihew (ALL p )

11. About Sonnets: Two Major Kinds:
The English (Shakespearean) Sonnet
ababcdcdefefgg (the final couplet)
The Italian (Petrarchan) Sonnet
abbaabbacdecde (an octave and a sestet)
All sonnets contain a “turn” (shift from the problem to the solution).

12. Open-Form Poetry Free Verse Not to imply “disorganized” or “chaotic”
(See p )

13. Ultimately: Poetry is distinguished from prose by sound and form.
Sound and form are created through patterns (or the lack thereof).
Sound and form are connected to a poem’s meaning and/or purpose.