1. Treating Disorders Early hypotheses & options
Demons, imbalance, shock to system
Video: asylum (0-1:25); DP Psychotherapy 3:37-5:59
Challenges with diagnosing
Multiple causes for same symptoms
Often asymptomatic
Self-report not accurate
Lying, downplaying, misunderstanding

2. Modern Types of Therapy
Biomedical therapy
Drugs
Surgery (rare)
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) (rare)
Psychotherapy: techniques for change
Psychoanalysis: unconscious
Humanistic Therapies: self-direction, growth
Behavior Therapies: conditioning, modeling
Cognitive Therapies: thinking
Group Therapies: support, recovery, relations

3. Biomedical Therapy Goal of Biomedical Therapy
Restore proper nervous system function, balance amount and type of neurotransmitters present in brain
Reminder – NT responsible for thinking, emotions, muscle movement, hearing, seeing, memory, stress reactions, etc. (called hormones when outside of the brain)
Example: pancreas & insulin
Example: limbic system & serotonin
Video: deep brain stimulation

4. Cognitive Therapy Goals Methods Benefits
Change distorted thinking that leads to maladaptive behavior (not appropriate/ helpful), develop coping strategies
Methods
Test unrealistic beliefs, challenge negative self-statements, make behavior plans
selective perception: focus on negative
all-or-nothing thinking: all good or bad
overgeneralization: unrealistic applications
Video: REBT DP Psychotherapy 17:35-21:29; anxiety attentional control 0-3:46
Benefits
Mood, stress, eating, anxiety, personality, and some schizophrenia disorders

5. Behavioral Therapy Goals Methods Benefits
Change problem behavior and increase desirable behavior using learning techniques
Methods
Classical & operant conditioning, systematic desensitization (small to large exposure), aversion therapy (classical conditioning negative association), flooding (all at once exposure), modeling, reinforcement, extinction
Video: exposure therapy; mirror neurons Autism
Benefits
Phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety disorders, quitting substances, PTSD, personality disorders, Autism spectrum disorders, sleep disorders

6. Interpersonal Therapy
Goals
Ease interpersonal disputes, role transitions, grief, interpersonal deficits
Identify stress in life events, family, home, workplace, friendship patterns, school
Methods
Clarification, role reversal, communication analysis, encouraging emotion, problem- solving techniques (video: social-emotional learning 0-6:00)
Benefits
Mood, stress, anxiety, addiction, and eating disorders

7. Psychoanalytic Therapy
Goals
Confront disturbing thoughts, socially unacceptable desires, immoral urges
Relieve stress that is causing the disorder by gaining understanding of unconscious
Methods
Analyze content of: dreams, free associations (first thoughts), resistance (avoiding topics), transference (projecting emotions, reactions)
Video: DP Psychotherapy 9:37-15:52
Benefits
Anxiety, somatoform, dissociative disorders

8. Humanistic Therapy Goals Methods Benefits
Align “real self” with “ideal self”
Insight into personal choices and how to change behavior
Methods
Reflection (repeating), unconditional positive regard (complete acceptance), empathy, authenticity (honest expression)
Benefits
Life choices, marriage counseling

9. Challenges of Treatment
Clients
Lack of understanding about symptoms
Lack of insight into own behavior
Perceived barriers (money, time)
Paranoia, inconsistent behavior, buy-in
Treatment trial process, side effects
Environment
Stigma, blame
Misinformation about causes and treatment
Little support
Treatment providers
Best treatment first time (video: Blues Test)
Constraints on treatment (money, time, culture)