1. U.S. History
Objective 2.04

2. Goal 2
Expansion and Reform (1801 – 1850): The learner will assess the competing forces of expansionism, nationalism, and sectionalism.

3. Objective 2.04
Assess political events, issues, and personalities that contributed to sectionalism and nationalism.

4. James Monroe Democratic-Republican, elected 1816
His election begins the Era of Good Feelings – (1816 – 1824) – brief period of only one major political party
Federalists had lost power (Hartford Convention)

5. Huh???
What is sectionalism?
What is nationalism?

8. What was leading to sectionalism?
Economic issues
Foreign trade
Cotton and plantations vs. manufacturing
War of 1812
War Hawks
Hartford Convention
New England vs. South / West

9. Economic Sectionalism
Cotton Kingdom in the South
Helped along by Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin
Industrial Revolution comes to the North
began in Great Britain
Helped along by Eli Whitney’s Interchangeable parts – parts that are exactly alike

10. Henry Clay Congressman from KY War Hawk – 1810 The “Great Compromiser”
“I’d rather be right than be president.”
Wanted to unite the country

12. How did he propose to do this?
The American System – President James Madison’s plan – promoted by Clay – 3 parts
1 – develop transportation and other “internal improvements”
2 – establish a protective tariff (Tariff of 1816)
3 – Reestablish a national bank

13. “Internal Improvements”
Roads, canals, etc.
Erie Canal
National Road

14. Protective Tariff (Tariff of 1816)
Encouraged people to buy American goods
Raised money for internal improvements
Favored Northeasterners
Not like by South and West

15. 2nd Bank of the U.S. (BUS) Most agreed it would benefit all
Would make available a currency guaranteed to be accepted nationwide

16. Not everyone trusted the bank
Why?
Panic of 1819 – chain reaction of bank failures, falling land prices, and foreclosures, most related to overspeculation in western lands.
Many blamed 2nd National Bank as cause of hard times,

17. What is a Panic? A financial crisis Panic of 1819 - Causes
Dramatic decline in cotton prices
Contraction of credit by the Bank of the U.S. (to curb inflation)
Congressional order requiring hard-currency payments for land
Closing of factories due to foreign competition

19. Slavery Kept Americans on their toes up through the Civil War
A delicate balance existed in the Senate between free and slave states
11 free states
11 slave states

20. Missouri???? Missouri plans to enter the Union
Will it be slave or free?
Missouri petitioned for entrance as a slave state
Tallmadge amendment tried to end slavery there, but was defeated (Rep. James Tallmadge, NY)

21. Compromise is reached (with the help of Henry Clay)
Missouri Compromise (Compromise of 1820)
Missouri enters the Union as a slave state
Maine enters the Union as a free state
Slavery prohibited in the rest of the Louisiana Purchase south of 36’30

23. Southerners disliked the precedent of Congress making laws regarding slavery
Northerners disliked its acqueisence in the expansion of slavery
Nevertheless, it holds for 34 years (repealed by Kansas-Nebraska Act)