1. Chapter 24, Lesson 1
World War

2. Trouble in Europe
June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand killed in Bosnia
Was heir (next in line) to the Austro-Hungarian throne
Tension in Europe had been building, competing for empires in Africa & Asia
Strong nationalism: intense loyalty to country or group
This inspired ethnic groups to break away from nations

3. Euro Military Alliances
Growing militarism: buildup military strength to compete with other countries
Created alliance system: different nations who promise to support each other if under attack
Balance of power: equality amongst countries supposed to be created
Small spark could set off war

7. Assassination & War
Gavrilo Princip-Serbian nationalist who wanted to bring down Austro-Hungarian empire by killing Ferdinand
Serbia was blamed and given list of demands by Aus-Hun & Germany
Serbia refused and Aus-Hun declared war 7/28/14

8. “Great War” Begins
Allied Powers Great Britain France Russia Japan Italy US (1917) Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire (Turkey)

9. Western Front Germany invaded Belgium to reach France
Hoping for a quick win, they’d then move east to Russia but Belgium was tough & gave France & Britain time
Battle of the Marne stopped German advance & created stalemate: when neither side makes progress
Both sides launched major offenses to stop the stalemate (Dec 1916:Battle of Verdun:750,000+ French & German dead

10. New Weapons Improved artillery fired bigger shells further
Rifles were more accurate
Poison gas made it hard to see & breath (gas masks)
Allies had armored tanks to defeat trench warfare, soon Germans had them too

11. Air & Sea
Airplanes gave new dimension to war for reconnaissance & bomb targets, “dog fights”
Stalemate brought war to the sea
Brits blockaded German ports (food & supply shortage)
German U-boats: “Unterseeboot” submarines that sunk ships w/ supplies