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Presentation Skills and Communicative Writing Spring 2017 IRE
Speaking to Inform Presentation Skills and Communicative Writing Spring 2017 IRE
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Steps in the Speech Preparation Process
Analyze potential audience Determine Topic, specific purpose, and main points Prepare a rough-draft outline of main points and desired information Research your topic, looking for quality supporting materials Determine how best to organize main points Plan Your Introduction and Conclusion Make a preparation outline, apply critical thinking, and plan speaking notes Prepare visual aids Practice both physically and technologically
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Goals of Informative Speaking
Enhance understanding Gain and maintain interest Ensure listeners can remember what is said
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P E O P I Speaking to Inform Event Object Person Idea
Procedure Event Object Person Idea Rreview how something works or describe a process Descirbe an event that has happened or will happen Present info about tangible things Describe famous people or personal acquaintances Present abstract information, or discuss principles, concepts, theories, or issues
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Organizational Method
P Discuss how something works or describes a process that produces a particular outcome How to… Complexity: builds from simple to complicated Procedure Organizational Method Chronological Topical Complexity Review how something works or describe a process
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Organizational Method
Something you have witnessed or researched World War II Cause and Effect I. Political II. Economic III. Social Organizational Method Chronological Topical Spatial Event Describe an event that has happened or will happen
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Organizational Method
Something tangible Object Organizational Method Topically Chronologically Spatially Present info about tangible things
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Organizational Method
P Biographical speech about someone you know or someone famous Key is to be selective with information Progress towards your main point or purpose, not just reciting all the facts Highlight unique information Person Describe famous people or personal acquaintances Organizational Method Chronological Topical
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Organizational Method
Generally, more abstract than other speech types Examples: Freedom of speech Principles of communication Islam Positive psychology Evolution Organizational Method Topical Complexity Idea Present abstract information, or discuss principles, concepts, theories, or issues
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Effective Informative Speeches…
Present information in a truthful, fair, and objective manner. Avoid exaggerated, embellished, or distorted facts. Design visual aids to represent facts and relationships without distortion. Express ideas and concepts in a clear and easy-to-understand manner. Use tact, allowing the audience to retain feelings of self-worth. Not directly persuasive, but can be Indirectly Goal: deepen understanding, not necessarily request action
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Organizational Patterns Quiz
Chronological Topical Spatial / Geographic Causal
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1. Strategies to Enhance Audience Understanding: Speaking with Clarity
Express an idea so that the listener understands the intended message accurately Just because it is clear to you, does not mean it is clear to everyone in the audience
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Enhance your Clarity Preview your main ideas in your intro
Tell your listeners how what you present relates to a previous point Summarize key ideas frequently Provide a visual outline to help listeners follow your ideas Provide a handout prior to your talk with the major points outlined (leave space for notes) Once you have announced your topic and outline, stay on message
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Tools for Informing Definition Description Demonstration Explanation
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Adult learning principles and techniques
Pedagogy – Andragogy Provide info that can be used immediately More likely to focus and understand if can be used soon Actively involve listeners in the learning process Ask questions, get responses Connect listeners’ life experiences with the new information New information linked to past experiences (audience analysis) Make new information relevant to listeners needs and their busy lives Help listeners to solve their problems
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Clarify unfamiliar ideas or complex processes
Analogies The Milky Way is big If the Milky Way were the size of North America, our solar system would fit inside of a coffee cup Vivid description Who is involved, what where when why Word pictures Help form a mental picture by appealing to sense of sight, taste, smell, sound, and touch Imagine it – Sense it – Describe it
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Appeal to a Variety of Learning styles
Auditory learners: rather listen than read Visual print learners: like to see and read the words Visual learners: words and images Kinesthetic learners: learn by moving while learning Rather try to do something than hearing about it, reading it, or watching it
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2. Strategies for Keeping the Audience Interested
Tell them why they should want to listen Tell them a good story Tell them how it affects them Tell them something that surprises them
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Simple Speech Example Acupuncture
Story Solves a problem 4 part agenda Clear description, definition Aware of potential audience reticence Relates to audience personal experience (shots, giving blood) Visuals Credibility Evidence Conclusion recap and framed with initial story
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3. Strategies for Enhancing Audience Recall
Build in redundancy. Say it again Say it short and simple Say it at a steady pace Say why it’s important Don’t just say it: reinforce ideas nonverbally, visually
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“Stickiness Factors” Grab attnetion with the very first words
Use acronyms and other mnemonic devices Repeat information like commercials do Reflect with audience on situation/problem Involve audience in answering questions Use emotional examples Relate new information to old Compare ideas to audience experiences Encourage audience to share what they learned with others
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Time Alottment Intro: 5-15% Body: 80 – 90% Conclusions 5-10%
Introductions Time Alottment Intro: 5-15% Body: 80 – 90% Conclusions 5-10%
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Introductions- Goals Get Attention Give a Reason to listen Introduce subject Establish credibility Preview main points
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Hooking your audience Connor Neill: Question that natter to the audience Phrase a problem that the audience faces in a question Shocking factoid “There are more people alive today than have ever died” “Every two minutes, the energy reaching the earth form the sun is equal to the whole annual usage of humanity” Anecdote or story “once upon a time…” in a grown up way “in October last year I was in this very room and had the opportunity to speak with one of the world’s expert speakers. He said something to me that had me thinking every since…”
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Hooking your audience Other techniques Humor Quotes Prop or visual
Reference to historical events Reference to recent events Personal references References to the occasion References to preceeding speech
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Conclusions Summarize main points and purpose Be memorable
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Resources if desired Essentials of Public Speaking (Ch. 11)
Public Speaking Handbook (Ch. 9 and 15) Public Speaking and Presentations Demystified (Ch. 6-7)
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