1. The Sun
Energy source
Plants use energy from the Sun to make food

2. Air Matter Plants use carbon dioxide from air to make sugar
Animals and plants use oxygen from air to release energy from food
Soil bacteria take nitrogen out of the air and put it into the soil

3. Water Matter All living things contain water
Plants use water to make food

4. Creosote Bush
Plant
Food- makes its own sugar with energy from the sun, carbon dioxide from the air, and water from the soil
Other relationships-
Pollinated by bees and butterflies. Provides nectar for pollination
Shelter for grasshoppers

5. Soil Matter and Dead remains of living things
Source of nitrogen, phosphorous, and minerals for plants
Holds water that is used by plants

6. Soil bacteria Decomposer
Food- All types of dead remains of living things
Other relationships
Take nitrogen from the air and make it useable for plants
Recycles matter from living things back to the environment

7. Coyote
Mammal
Food- jackrabbit, roadrunner, ground squirrel, kangaroo rat, pocket mouse, fan palm fruit.
Other relationships-
Spreads seeds of fan palm in its scat

8. Jackrabbit
Mammal
Food- Cholla cactus, grasses

9. Indigo Bush
Plant
Food- makes its own sugar with energy from the sun, carbon dioxide from the air, and water from the soil
Other relationships-
Pollinated by hummingbirds and bees

10. Anna’s Hummingbird Bird
Food- black flies, canterbury bells, indigo bush
Pollinates canterbury bells, indigo bush

11. Cholla Cactus
Plant
Food- makes its own sugar with energy from the sun, carbon dioxide from the air, and water from the soil
Other relationships-
Provides shelter for cactus wren
Pollinated by bees, butterflies, wasps, gives nectar for pollination
Reproduces by budding when joints stick to mammals

12. Cactus Wren
Bird
Food- ants, blister beetles, wasps, flies, grasshoppers, yucca moth, butterflies, and bees
Other relationships-
Builds nests in cholla cactus

13. Solitary Bee
Insect
Food- Nectar and pollen from creosote bush, cat’s claw, brittlebush, popcorn flower

14. Canterbury Bells Plant
Food- makes its own sugar with energy from the sun, carbon dioxide from the air, and water from the soil
Other relationships
Pollinated by hummingbirds
Seeds spread by ants and by sticking to mammals fur

15. Whiptail lizard Reptile
Food- Grasshoppers, butterflies, yucca moth, parasitic wasp, solitary bee

16. Phainlopepla
Bird
Food- grasshoppers, butterflies, yucca moth, parasitic wasp, black flies, mistletoe berries
Other relationships-
Spreads mistletoe seeds in its droppings

17. Mistletoe Parasitic plant
Food- Steals sugar from Cat’s claw and creosote
Other relationships-
The phainopepla eats its berries and deposits the seeds on other plants in its droppings. The mistletoe’s roots grow into another plant.
Gets water from host plants

18. Cat’s Claw
Plant
Food- makes its own sugar with energy from the sun, carbon dioxide from the air, and water from the soil
Other relationships
Pollinated by bees, butterflies, and wasps. Offers nectar to insects for pollination

19. Brittlebush
Plant
Food- makes its own sugar with energy from the sun, carbon dioxide from the air, and water from the soil
Other relationships-
Pollinated by bees, butterflies, and wasps. Gives nectar for pollination

20. Mojave Yucca
Plant
Food- makes its own sugar with energy from the sun, carbon dioxide from the air, and water from the soil
Other relationships-
Only pollinated by the yucca moth, gives nectar to moths for pollination

21. Roadrunner
Bird
Food- Blister beetles, lizards, snakes, kangaroo rat, pocket mouse, grasshoppers

22. Ants Insects/ Scavengers Food- dead things Other relationships-
Spread seeds

23. Grasses
Plant
Food- makes its own sugar with energy from the sun, carbon dioxide from the air, and water from the soil
Other relationships-
Seeds carried by mammals on their fur, and by ants.
Used by birds to make nests

24. Horned lizard
Reptile
Food- Ants

25. Yucca moth Insect Food- Mojave Yucca nectar Other relationships-
The yucca moth is the only animal that can pollinate a yucca

26. Butterfly
Insect
Food- Nectar from creosote, brittle bush, evening primrose, cat’s claw
Other relationships-
Pollinator for creosote, brittle bush, evening primrose, cat’s claw

27. Mountain lion
Mammal
Food- Mule deer

28. Mule deer
Mammals
Food- grass

29. Pocket Mouse
Mammal
Food- seeds of creosote, canterbury bells, brittlebush, yucca, indigobush, blister beetles, grasshoppers, fan palm fruit
Other relationships-
Helps spread seeds

30. Kangaroo rat
Mammal
Food- seeds of creosote, canterbury bells, brittlebush, yucca, indigobush
Other relationships-
Helps spread seeds

31. Ground Squirrel Mammal
Food- seeds of creosote, canterbury bells, brittlebush, yucca, indigobush, blister beetles, grasshoppers, fan palm fruit
Other relationships-
Helps spread seeds

32. Evening primrose Plant
Food- makes its own sugar with energy from the sun, carbon dioxide from the air, and water from the soil
Other relationships-
Pollinated by bees, butterflies, and wasps
Gives nectar for pollination

33. Red Tailed Hawk
Bird
Food- Snakes, pocket mouse, ground squirrel, jackrabbit, kangaroo rat

34. Rattlesnake
Reptile
Food- pocket mouse, ground squirrel, kangaroo rat, lizards, jackrabbit

35. Grasshopper
Insect
Food- grasses, indigobush, brittle bush, canterbury bells, evening primrose

36. King Snake
Reptile
Food- rattlesnake, pocket mouse, ground squirrel, kangaroo rat, lizards

37. Blister beetle
Insect
Food- Canterbury bells, evening primrose, indigo bush, grasses
Other relationships- the larvae are parasites of solitary bees

38. Black Fly
Insect Scavenger
Food- dead animals, animal droppings

39. Parasitic wasp
Insect
Food- nectar from brittle bush, mojave yucca, creosote bush, cholla, evening primrose
Other relationships- the larvae are parasites of spiders

40. Wolf Spider
Spider
Food- grasshoppers

41. Fan Palm
Plant
Food- makes its own sugar with energy from the sun, carbon dioxide from the air, and water from the soil
Other relationships-
Its seeds are spread by coyotes