1. Rotterdam LEFIS June 2006 Surveillance technology and law Pieter Kleve, Richard De Mulder and Kees van Noortwijk Erasmus University Rotterdam

2. Surveillance technology Why the use of this technology is growing
Overview
Surveillance technology
Why the use of this technology is growing
Permissibility of the use of this technology
Conclusions
Monitoring the surveillors; the balance of power
1. werkgeheugen 8 kb; floppy disk kb, prijs thans kb; harddisk kb, prijs
2. graph/multim: iets leuks mee doen, al die pc-privé pc’s onder een zeiltje onder de trap; wie gaat er nu voor zijn lol een ‘huishoudboekhouding’ doen?
3. Tatjana interactief
goedkoper, beter, makkelijker en leuker!

3. 1. Surveillance technology

4. Surveillance technology
Camera surveillance in public and non-public places.
Surveillance of telecommunication and computer use; data mining
Entry control; determining the identity of persons and goods
Surveillance techniques for detection and prosecution of crime
Other forms, other aims

5. 2. Why the use of surveillance technology is growing

6. Factors in the growth of surveillance technology
General technological advances
Its use for management
Rationality: it is useful for individuals
Globalisation
Common use leads to less resistance
Easy use for all
Changing norms
1. werkgeheugen 8 kb; floppy disk kb, prijs thans kb; harddisk kb, prijs
2. graph/multim: iets leuks mee doen, al die pc-privé pc’s onder een zeiltje onder de trap; wie gaat er nu voor zijn lol een ‘huishoudboekhouding’ doen?
3. Tatjana interactief
goedkoper, beter, makkelijker en leuker!

7. 3. Permissibility of the use of surveillance technology

8. Permissibility of surveillance technology
Privacy versus safety
Suspects and non-suspects
Technology and social control
Technology and solidarity
Subsidiarity and proportionality

9. 4. Conclusions

10. Conclusions
The public appears to be happy with surveillance by the authorities.
Most of the criticism emanates from lawyers and institutions
Resistance is a characteristic of the assimilation process of new technology
An important criterion is whether it works; the effectiveness must be tested.
Surveillance technology can help to enforce the law and to protect basic rights.
There is a danger of infringement of rights such as freedom of information and privacy
The norms will adjust. Surveillance technology leads to new considerations of values and interests
The right to privacy – and other rights (e.g. intellectual property) - are ripe for review.
There is a danger of misuse by the authorities. Who will monitor the surveillors?

11. 5. Monitoring the surveillors

12. Spoken law Written law Printed law Digital law Judiciary
The Trias Politica
Spoken law
Written law
Printed law
Digital law
Judiciary
Legislative power
Executive power ?

13. A new power
supervising and correcting
initiating and acting
not suitable for large scale exertion of power
suitable for large scale exertion of power
judiciary
legislative power
monitoring power
executive power

14. A fourth power for fourth generation law
The Tetras Politica
Judiciary Legislative power
Monitoring power Executive power

15. Monitors state agents and state organs systematically
The new power
Has become necessary because of the new legal technology (4th generation law)
Monitors state agents and state organs systematically
Will be necessary to keep the powers in balance
Brings a new category of civil servants
Requires new legal skills or combination of skills
The new monitoring power will help monitoring the surveillors!

16. That’s all folks!