1. Chapter 1 Section 3 Notes
August 18-23

2. Setting The Stage
By the 19th century Roman Catholic Church dominates religious life in northern and western Europe
Not liked by everyone
Overtime people began to criticize its practices
Leaders too interested in worldly stuff. (______&_____)
Renaissance weakens the church
Began to challenge church’s authority and political power

3. What spread these feelings of being able to question the church’s authority?
Germany divided into many different states at this time. Hard for the church to keep control over divided nations/states.
Eventually the merchants got fed up with the church and hit them where it hurts the most which is_______?
So we see in Germany a huge movement for religious reform

4. Criticisms of the Catholic Church
Said leaders were corrupt
Lived a little too large during the Renaissance era.
Spent too much money on pleasures of the world.
Tried to finance and fight wars for land throughout Europe, Asia, and Middle East.
Pope Alexander VI even fathered children.

5. Luther Challenges the Church
Parents wanted him to be a lawyer but chose to be a monk and educator.
Taught at University of Wittenberg located in Saxony.
Did not intend to become famous!
Friar names Johann Tetzel raising money to rebuild Saint Peters Cathedral.
Raised money by selling _____?

6. Luther extremely angry over these tactics so he took a stand!
Wrote 95 theses or statements attacking “pardon merchants”
On October 31 he 1517 He posted these on door of the castle church in Wittenberg and then challenged all those who opposed!
These were quickly copied and taken to be mass distributed by means of what_________?

7. He soon became famous all over Germany
His actions officially began the Reformation* (Movement for religious reform)
Eventually led to the creating of churches that were not under the Pope’s authority
Luther eventually chose to look at the bigger picture and completely change the church

8. All church teachings should be based on the Bible
All church teachings should be based on the Bible. Both the church and Pope were false authorities.
People could win salvation only through faith of God’s gift, forgiveness. It is not faith and good works.
All people with faith were equal in God’s eyes. Therefore there was no need for a priest to interpret the Bible.

9. The Response to Luther Many people responded well to Luther!
Pope wanted to have him punished at first and this caused backlash for him.
In 1520 Pope Leo X said Luther was excommunicated and instead Luther had some fun!
Holy Roman Emperor summoned Luther to the town of Worms and he said ______.
No food, no shelter.

10. The mob mentality won over eventually.
Peasants went nuts and started revolting against Princes all throughout the German states. Burned houses, towns, etc.
Martin Luther was so angry at the violence he wrote a letter to all the princes. Told them to show absolutely _________?
Killed roughly 1000,000 people
Because of this peasants rejected Martin Luther.

11. In German Princes who remained loyal to the pope agreed to join forces against Martin Luther's Ideas. Those Princes who supported Luther signed a protest against this agreement.
Protesting Princes became to be known as protestants.***
Christians who belonged to the non catholic churches.

12. Charles V went to war against these Princes and won but they still refused to rejoin the catholic church.
He got fed up with this so he called the Peace of Augsburg
This let all the princes decide what religion they would worship in their German states.

13. England becomes Protestant
Henry VIII is now King of England. He is a devout catholic.
Wrote a letter against Luther and pope called him the Defender of the Faith title.
Wanted a male heir to his throne.
Married to Catherine of Aragon
Had one daughter- Mary
Wanted a divorce because she could not produce a male child

14. The church would not annul his marriage
Pope didn’t want to offend Catherine's Nephew Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
Called parliament to dissolve power of the pope
Then secretly married Ann Boleyn
Act of supremacy in 1534 recognizing Henry as head of England's Church not the pope.

15. Thomas Moore against this act and spoke out
Thomas Moore against this act and spoke out. Ticked Henry off so he had him imprisoned then set to trial then executed.
Ann Boleyn birthed Elizabeth.
Ann Boleyn charged with treason sent to tower of London
Found guilty and beheaded in 1536
Married Jane Seymour. Birthed Edward in 1537.
Then she died two weeks later……..
Married 3 more times but no children.

16. Henry Died in 1547
Each of his 3 children ruled England creating religious turmoil.
Edward became king when was 9
Ruled by advisors considerations and they were protestant
Reigned for 6 years then died
Mary took the throne. Was Catholic and returned power back to pope.
Known as bloody marry. Executed several hundred protestants that defied her.
She died in 1558 and Elizabeth 1st took over!

17. Queen Elizabeth Determined to return kingdom back to Protestantism
Reshaped the Church of England with her as its head
Only legal church in England
Set this up as a moderate church to make both Catholics and protestants happy.
Allowed priests to be able to legally marry
Kept some customs of the catholic church such as robes to appease Catholics