1. The Rise of Nations: The Holy Roman Empire and Spain
By: Ms. Thompson
7th Grade World History

2. The Holy Roman Empire Origins
800: Charlemagne is crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by Pope Leo III
His grandsons divide up the empire and that is how we get modern day France, Germany and Italy
Otto I: ( ):
Ends the Magyar invasion
Gives the Catholic bishops land and government jobs if loyal
This increases the power of the Catholic Church
Conquers northern and southern Italy and made the Holy Roman Empire
Makes a rule that new popes must be approved by the emperor
Removes Pope John XII from power

3. Henry IV (1056-1106) Lay Investiture Crisis:
Investiture was when a bishop was given his position in the Catholic church
The Holy Roman Emperor had done this for year, but now people were buying their jobs in the church (simony)
Pope Gregory VII ends simony and lay investiture
Pope Gregory says that the Holy Roman Emperor is a vassal to the pope.
Henry IV declares that Pope Gregory is not the pope
Pope Gregory excommunicates Henry IV and all the bishops who declared he was not the pope
German nobles revolt against him
Henry IV defeats the nobles and kicks out the pope

4. Henry V (1106-1125) Son of Henry IV
Henry V captured the pope, but had to fight German nobles supporting the pope
Concordat of Worms (1122): Peace between the pope and Holy Roman Emperor ends the investiture crisis
Pope will give the bishop his spiritual position and the Holy Roman Emperor gives the bishop his land
Holy Roman Emperor will not interfere with the bishop election

5. Hohenstaufen vs. Welf
Henry V dies childless, so the German nobles elect Henry V’s rival, Lothair (Duke of Saxony), as the next Holy Roman Emperor
Lothair is a member of the Welf family
Henry V’s nephews believe that they should be the Holy Roman Emperor
They are part of the Hohenstaufen family
The struggle spreads to Italy where people either support the Welf or Hohenstaufen family
The dispute is settled when Frederick Barbarosa a relative of both a Welf and Hohenstaufen becomes the next emperor

6. Maximillian ( )
Holy Roman Emperor who married his children to many European royal families
He marries Mary of Burgundy, daughter of the last Duke of Burgundy
His son, Philip the Handsome, marries Spain’s Ferdinand and Isabella’s daughter
He was part of the Hapsburgs
A family that would rule Austria until and at various times ruled the Holy Roman Empire and Spain

7. Charles V ( )
Grandson of Spain’s Ferdinand and Isabella, Holy Roman Emperor Maximillian and Burgundy’s Countess Mary
He was the Holy Roman Emperor, King of Spain, Duke of Burgundy and Archduke of Austria
Rivals: He was the rival of French King Francis I and England’s Henry VIII
Fought Francis I for control of Italy
Religious Struggles: Martin Luther’s 95 Thesis was published in his lands
He would struggle with German nobles, Italians and Dutch
Abdication: Too many struggles cause him to give his brother the Holy Roman Empire and his son Spain

8. Spain Origins
711: The Muslims, under the Umayyad Dynasty, conquered the Visigoth Kingdom
Christians fought each other and the Muslims to create independent kingdoms
“Reconquista”: Spanish for reconquest
The Christian Spanish try to take back land from the Muslims ( )
Leon and Castile: In 1230, Ferdinand III united the two kingdoms and conquers more Muslim controlled land
Ferdinand and Isabella: The King of Aragon, Ferdinand, and Queen of Castile and Leon, Isabella, get married and unite the two biggest Spanish Christian Empires
End the Muslim rule in 1492: Money gained from conquering Muslim lands allows them to pay for Columbus’s voyage

9. Spanish Inquisition
Hoping to unite Spain, Ferdinand and Isabella want only one religion in their kingdom, Roman Catholicism
All Jews and Muslims must convert, move or die
Under a Catholic priest, Tomas de Torquemada, the Spanish Inquisition had killed an estimated 8,000 and even investigated two future catholic saints
St. Ignatius of Loyola and St. Teresa of Avila

10. Resources Google images
Human Heritage: A World History by Miriam Greenblatt and Peter S. Lemmo