1. FYE Cybersecurity Chasing Ghosts in the Wires
Dr. X

2. Who am I? Dr. X – Computer Scientist
PhD at North Carolina State University – Optical networks performance
Worked at IBM – Software Performance Engineer
Post doc at College of William and Mary – research on performance and power savings for hard disk drives
Assistant professor at Jacksonville University, Wofford College
Assistant professor at CofC
Scuba diver, manga comics collector, science fiction reader, hacker

3. Who am I?

4. Introductions Exercise
Introduce yourself to class. Give your:
Name
Major
What you hope to learn from this class

5. What is wrong with this picture?

6. What is wrong with this picture?

7. Syllabus Exercise Part 1 Part 2
Get into groups of three and introduce yourselves.
Each group will need to generate a list of five to eight questions you have about the class.
Part 2
Go over the syllabus together as a group to answer your questions.
Upon completion, we will reconvene and then your group will ask any questions that were not addressed in the syllabus.

8. Syllabus Assignments Midterm Research Project Participation
Lab reports – 2 students
Reading reports – individual
Midterm
Research Project
Participation
Public website:
Office hours

9. Security mindset, Attacks, Defenses

10. Outline
The Security “mindset”
Attacks
Defenses
Information security

11. The Security “mindset”

12. The Security “mindset”
Think critically
Challenge assumptions
Be curious
Think about weaknesses

13. The Security “mindset”
 “That new product X sounds awesome, I can’t wait to use it!” versus...
 “That new product X sounds cool, but I wonder what would happen if someone did Y with it...”

14. The Security “mindset”
Why it’s important
Technology changes, so learning to think like a security person is more important than learning specifics of today
Will help you design better systems/solutions
Interactions with broader context: law, policy, ethics, etc.

15. Social Systems are Systems too!
Social Engineering
Lying
Being nice to people
Acting like you belong

16. Attacks (OWASP) Abuse of Functionality Data Structure Attacks
Embedded Malicious Code
Exploitation of Authentication
Injection
Path traversal
Probabilistic techniques
Protocol Manipulation
Resource Depletion
Resource Manipulation
Sniffing
Spoofing

17. Defenses
Information security: a “well-informed sense of assurance that the information risks and controls are in balance.” — Jim Anderson, Inovant (2002) Cybersecurity: is the body of technologies, processes and practices designed to protect networks, computers, programs and data from attack, damage or unauthorized access. whatis.techtarget.com/definition/cybersecurity

18. What is Security?
“The quality or state of being secure—to be free from danger”
A successful organization should have multiple layers of security in place:
Physical security
Personal security
Operations security
Communications security
Network security
Information security
What Is Security?
In general, security is “the quality or state of being secure--to be free from danger.”
It means to be protected from adversaries--from those who would do harm, intentionally or otherwise.
A successful organization should have the following multiple layers of security in place for the protection of its operations:
Physical security – To protect the physical items, objects, or areas of an organization from unauthorized access and misuse.
Personal security – To protect the individual or group of individuals who are authorized to access the organization and its operations.
Operations security – To protect the details of a particular operation or series of activities.
Communications security – To protect an organization’s communications media, technology, and content.
Network security – To protect networking components, connections, and contents.

19. What is Security? (cont’d.)‏
The protection of information and its critical elements, including systems and hardware that use, store, and transmit that information
Necessary tools: policy, awareness, training, education, technology
C.I.A.N.A
What Is Information Security?
Information security, therefore, is the protection of information and its critical elements, including the systems and hardware that use, store, and transmit that information.
But to protect the information and its related systems from danger, tools, such as policy, awareness, training, education, and technology are necessary.
The C.I.A. triangle has been considered the industry standard for computer security since the development of the mainframe. It was solely based on three characteristics that described the utility of information: confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
The C.I.A. triangle has expanded into a list of critical characteristics of information.

20. Security as Art
No hard and fast rules nor many universally accepted complete solutions
No manual for implementing security through entire system
Security as Art
There are no hard and fast rules regulating the installation of various security mechanisms.
Nor are there many universally accepted complete solutions.
While there are many manuals to support individual systems, once these systems are interconnected, there is no magic user’s manual for the security of the entire system.
This is especially true with the complex levels of interaction between users, policy, and technology controls.

21. Security as Science
Dealing with technology designed to operate at high levels of performance
Specific conditions cause virtually all actions that occur in computer systems
Nearly every fault, security hole, and systems malfunction are a result of interaction of specific hardware and software
If developers had sufficient time, they could resolve and eliminate faults
Security as Science
We are dealing with technology developed by computer scientists and engineers—technology designed to perform at rigorous levels of performance.
Even with the complexity of the technology, most scientists would agree that specific scientific conditions cause virtually all actions that occur in computer systems.
Almost every fault, security hole, and systems malfunction is a result of the interaction of specific hardware and software.
If the developers had sufficient time, they could resolve and eliminate these faults.

22. Security as a Social Science
Social science examines the behavior of individuals interacting with systems
Security begins and ends with the people that interact with the system
Security administrators can greatly reduce levels of risk caused by end users, and create more acceptable and supportable security profiles
Security as a Social Science
There is a third view: security as a social science.
Social science examines the behavior of individuals as they interact with systems, whether societal systems or in our case information systems.
Security begins and ends with the people inside the organization and the people that interact with the system planned or otherwise.
End users that need the very information the security personnel are trying to protect may be the weakest link in the security chain.
By understanding some of the behavioral aspects of organizational science and change management, security administrators can greatly reduce the levels of risk caused by end users and create more acceptable and supportable security profiles.

23. Penetration Testing
Legal and authorized attempt to locate and successfully exploit computer systems for the purpose of making those systems more secure

24. Differences Between attacks and vulnerabilities?
Between pen testing and vulnerability assessment?
Attacks are the techniques that attackers use to exploit the vulnerabilities in applications. Attacks are often confused with vulnerabilities, so please try to be sure that the attack you are describing is something that an attacker would do, rather than a weakness in an application.

25. Black vs white hat

26. Black vs white hat
Authorization
Motivation
Intent

27. Summary Categories of attacks that represent most known attacks today
Information security is part of the defense
Security development lifecycle: as in software engineering lifecycle we can design security in phases
Pen testing is part of the defense and it is not just about tools!

28. For next class
Read binary tutorial! You will need this to complete the in class lab
Prepare your active participation: write a question on the binary tutorial or the slides
Prepare your active participation: find a new technology product, something that you would like to buy or something you just got on Christmas. Think like an attacker: what can go wrong with your new gadget?
Read the Syllabus

29. Sources Principles of Information Security, Fourth Edition OWASP
CSE 484 UWA, Ada Lerner