1. “Royal Power Grows”
Chapter 8, Section 1

2. Objectives Learn how monarchs gain power over nobles and the Church
Understand how William the Conqueror and Henry II strengthened English power
Analyze traditions of government that developed under King John
Understand how strong monarchs unified France

3. Royal Soap Opera France: -Philip II vs. King John (England)
-Louis IX vs. Muslims
-Philip IV vs. Pope Boniface VIII
Also appearing: Hugh Capet

4. Royal Soap Opera England -Harold vs. William of Normandy
-Henry II vs. Thomas Beckett/Church
-King John vs.
-Pope Innocent III
-King Philip II (France)
-English Nobles
Also appearing: King Henry I

5. Questions
You will be divided into groups and given a section to answer questions.
First: have one person read aloud the section in your book. Others follow along
Second: answer the questions together as a group.
Third: Present your information to the class

6. Philip II (France) Pays middle class to fill government positions
Swear loyalty and allegiance to Philip II
Takes Normandy and Anjou from King John II
Fights Albigensians for Pope
Gains southern France

7. Louis IX Heretics: 2 Crusades against Muslims
people with religious beliefs contrary to the Church
Jews, Muslims, etc.
2 Crusades against Muslims

8. Philip IV Collects new taxes Pope Boniface VIII opposes
Arrest clergy who did not pay taxes
Pope Boniface VIII opposes
Philip IV attempts to seize Pope
Boniface dies
New pope is French
Papal courts moves to Avignon, France

9. England’s Conflict King Edward dies Conflict:
Leaves no heir to the throne
Conflict:
Harold vs. William of Normandy
Battle of Hastings 1066
“William the Conqueror” and King of England

10. William the Conqueror Creates Domesday Book
Census of every castle, field, and pigpen
Allowed king to control his land
Allowed for efficient tax collection

11. Henry II vs. Archbishop Thomas Becket
Henry II establishes:
Common law:
legal system based on custom and court rulings
Juries:
group of men sworn to speak the truth

12. Henry II vs. Thomas Becket
Henry II claims right to try clergy in royal courts
Becket opposes the king
1170 murder Becket in Canterbury cathedral
Called a ‘martyr’ and declared a saint

13. King John vs. (everyone)
Pope Innocent III
John rejects new archbishop
Pope Innocent II excommunicate John
Declares interdict on England
England becomes fief of Church
Pay yearly fee to Rome

14. King John vs. (everyone)
English Nobles angered by:
Oppressive taxes
Abuse of power
Magna Carta 1215
Nobles had certain rights
Monarch must obey laws

15. More… Magna Carta -Due process of law
May not be imprisoned without legal judgment of peers
Habeas corpus
No person can be held in prison without first charged with a crime
Parliament
Unifies England
House of Lords
House of Commons

16. Holy Roman Empire Conflicts
Otto I
Henry IV
Frederick Barbarossa
Frederick II

17. Otto I Charlemagne dies; kingdom dissolves into states
936: Duke Otto I (Saxon)=“King of Germany”
Appoints bishops to top gov’t jobs
Army to Italy to defeat rebelling nobles
Successor are “holy roman emperors”
Conflict:
controlling vassals
Appointing church officials

18. Henry IV vs. Gregory VII
Conflict over LAY INVESTITURE: secular rulers elect bishops into gov’t positions
Gregory VII bans lay investiture
Henry IV is excommunicated
Gregory VII forgives him, later Henry IV forces pope into exile

19. Henry IV vs Gregory VII Solution: Concordat of Worms 1122:
Church has sole power to elect bishops with spiritual authority
Secular rulers give them fiefs
**Summarize: Pope decides WHO has power, the King decides WHERE

20. Frederick Barbarossa Struggle for Italy
Goal: connected Italy from Baltic to Adriatic
Conflict: wealthy nobles/princes in Northern Italy
Solution: marriage between son and heiress to Sicily

21. Frederick II (the grandson)
Grew up in Sicily/Southern Italy
Attempts to connect Northern and Southern Italy
Failed: conflict for years
Outcome:
Divided Germany
Conflict between Southern Italy and Sicily causes tension between Italy and Spain