1. 1000-1300 A Time of Dramatic Growth and Change
High Middle Ages
A Time of Dramatic Growth and Change

2. Improved Farming Methods
Heavy (Iron) Plow – cut deeper into the soil and produced better harvests
Horses replaced oxen teams for plowing – able to clear more land, grow more crops
Three field system – immediate increase in harvest – 2 planted, 1 fallow
Increased food supply; First major population increase since the collapse of the Roman Empire.

3. Growth of Towns
Creation of a new group of people: the middle class (merchants, bankers)
Rise of money economy: more practical ways to trade goods; moneychangers exchange currencies; begins to replace feudal services.
Trade was the key to a town’s growth and survival. (best location)

4. Sanitation was a major problem.
Trash and waste was thrown out doors or windows. Dramatic increase in diseases.

5. Development of Guilds to control trade within the town.
The Guild was formed as a group of people who worked the same job.
Their main functions were to enforce standards of quality and set prices.
The Guild was open only to proved masters of the trade. Young men would train as an apprentice with a master for 3 to 10 years.
APPRENTICE -> JOURNEYMAN -> MASTER

6. Age of Faith
During the High Middle Ages, a new spirit invaded the church in Europe and brought about a spiritual revival in the clergy. Filled with new energy, the church began restructuring itself and started massive building programs to create new places of worship.
Task #1: Using your text, identify reforms that were implemented by the church. Why was the church so ready for reform? Identify and Explain.

7. What in the battle scene reflects Christendom and the Age of Faith?

8. Great Schism – 1054 C.E.
Split between the Roman Catholic Church in the West and the Eastern Orthodox Church in the East

9. The Age of Faith also inspired wars of conquest.
CRUSADES
The Age of Faith also inspired wars of conquest.
Crusades: series of military expeditions to “rescue” the Holy Land from the Muslims.
FIRST CRUSADE: Pope Urban II asked for a volunteer army in 1095; promised immediate salvation in heaven if they were killed.
Pilgrimage or Holy War?

10. Age of Faith
Task #2a: Read each document provided. Answer the guiding questions that accompany each document.
Task #2b: Based on the documents of your group members, create a chart of reasons the Crusades were launched and effects of the Crusades.

11. GOALS:
Pope – increase his power; reunite the church
Knights – win glory in battle, gain riches/ land/ title, “Fight”, adventure, remission of sins
Peasants – freedom from feudal bonds; immediate salvation in heaven if they were killed freeing the Holy Land from the non-Christians
Merchants – win control of trade & money

12. 30,000 people left Western Europe from 1096-1099 and conquered Jerusalem in June 1099.
Most Muslims and Jews were slaughtered.
Jerusalem would be captured 50 years later by Muslims. Nine more Crusades would be taken but none were successful.

13. OUTCOMES: Failed to take long term control of Holy Lands
decline of papal prestige
decline in the power of the nobles
decrease in the power of the eastern Roman empire
increase in religious intolerance
increase in trade! (goods from far east, learning, technology)

14. Age of Faith Task #3: Answer the following as a group…
What role did the Crusades play in changing the church, the revival of its people, and the deterioration of its relationship with the Muslim world?

15. Age of Faith What does Thomas Aquinas mean by this?
What would make him feel this way?
To whom might he be speaking?

16. Revival of Learning
Contact through the Crusades with Muslim and Byzantine scholars ushered the exchange of knowledge of ancient philosophy, science, law, math, medicine, and technology – particularly navigational and weapons technology.
Universities arise (Paris, Bologna, Oxford)
Scholasticism – St. Thomas Aquinas
Proving religious truths through logical argument.

17. Hundred Years’ War ( )
1337: Fr. King Philip VI seized Gascony which belonged to the English king Edward III  declared war on France
Peasant foot soldiers won more battles than knights because of their use of the powerful longbow

18. Battles Crecy: (1346) Agincourt: (1415) Orleans: (1429) Joan of Arc
Aquitane: (1453) French victory
Gave rise to the concept of a nation-state!
Loyalty to state rather than leader

19. Power struggle between Church and states
Pope Boniface VIII declares supremacy
Pope is “kidnapped,” taken to Avignon ( )
– GREAT SCHISM – 2 popes
Leads to decline in Church power

21. The Black Death (Bubonic Plague)
Brought to Europe by Italian traders in 1347
Carried by fleas, spread by rats
Symptoms:
Fever, chills
Swollen buba
Rotting flesh

22. Killed 1/3 to ½ of Europe’s Population
Created a labor shortage which led to increased wages for survivors
Disrupted trade
Decline of Feudalism