1. The Reproductive Body: Flowers
PBIO 369
Fall 2010

2. Reproductive Body
Shoot
Vegetative Body
Root

3. Parts of a Flower

4. Four whorls of the flower:
Set of sepals = Calyx
Set of petals = Corolla
Set of stamens = Androecium
Pistil (or set of pistils) = Gynoecium

5. A flower that has all four whorls is said to be both complete and perfect.

6. Japanese knotweed: flowers lack a calyx and are therefore incomplete

7. Begonia: flowers are imperfect
staminate
pistillate
(This is another way of saying that the flowers are unisexual.)

8. Red Maple plants are dioecious.
staminate
dioecious: ‘two houses’
pistillate

9. Box elder is also dioecious...

10. Bur-reed
plants are
monoecious.
monoecious: ‘one house’

11. as is corn.

12. Petals may be separate ...

13. or they may be fused

14. Symmetry
Water lily: symmetry is radial

15. Symmetry
orchid: symmetry is bilateral

16. Gynoecium Structure

17. The terms carpel and pistil are often used interchangeably, but …
Ovary
The terms carpel and pistil are often used interchangeably, but …

18. In a compound pistil, the carpel is a subunit of the pistil
In a simple pistil,
carpel = pistil

19. lev70065_05_02.jpg
compound pistil
simple pistil

20. Three possibilities for gynoecium structure:
One simple pistil per flower (e.g., pea)
Two or more simple pistils per flower (e.g., buttercup, strawberry)
One compound pistil per flower (e.g., cucumber)

21. One simple pistil per flower ...

22. Two or more simple pistils per flower ...

23. One compound pistil per flower

24. Placentation

25. How to determine the number of carpels in a compound pistil?
If the placentation is axile, count the number of locules (chambers) in the ovary
If the placentation is parietal, count the number of placentae

26. How to determine the number of carpels in a compound pistil?
If the pistil has more than one style and/or stigma, count them
If the fruit is dehiscent (opens up), count the number of seams

28. If ovary is: Flower is: Superior hypogynous Inferior epigynous
Half-inferior perigynous

29. Hypanthium - A floral cup or tube formed by the fusion of the basal portions of the
sepals, petals, and stamens, and from which the rest of the floral parts arise.

30. Pistils
Pistils

35. Liliaceae - the Lily Family

36. Vegetative attributes:
Perennial herbs
Stems = bulbs, rhizomes, corms
Leaves alternate or basal, simple, entire, parallel-veined

37. Reproductive Attributes: Ca3 Co3 A6 G(3) or Ḡ(3
Flowers actinomorphic, in spikes, racemes, panicles or umbels.
Perianth with 6 petaloid tepals, two similar whorls
Androecium of 6 stamens
Pistil compound of 3 carpels, 3 locules, single style; ovary superior or inferior
Fruit a capsule or berry
Floral dagram, Liliaceae

38. Economic importance: Ornamentals, such as day lilies and tulips
Edibles, such as chives, garlic, onion, asparagus, leeks
Medicinal uses from aloe and agave
Tequila from agave

39. In recent years, the Liliaceae sensu lato has been split up to yield:
Liliaceae sensu stricto (trout lily)
Trilliaceae (wake robin)
Convallariaceae (Canada mayflower)
Alstromeriaceae (alstromeria)
Smilacaceae (greenbriar)
Alliaceae (wild leeks)
Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis)
and more

40. Liliaceae - local flora
Trillium grandiflorum
White trillium
Erythronium americanum
Trout lily
Clintonia borealis
Blue-bead lily
Streptopus roseus
Rose twisted stalk
Maianthemum canadense
Canada mayflower

41. Veratrum viride
False Hellebore
a toxic member of the
lily family

42. calyx subtended by 2 bracts (that appear to be part of the calyx)
calyx ebracteate
(it lacks bracts, or, better said,
the bracts don’t appear to be
part of the calyx)

43. Saponaria officianalis
Caryophyllaceae
The Pink Family
Ca 5 Co 5 A 5-10 G 2-5
Saponaria officianalis
Herbs with opposite leaves and swollen nodes
Flowers radially symmetrical
Fruit a denticidal capsule
Little economic importance ( a few ornamentals, e.g., carnation)