1. TRAINING for Land Application Systems

2. On Site Land Application System
Operation
Land application layout
Components of land application systems
Design land application systems
Maintenance
eFlow Kits
Conclusions

3. Introduction
On-site wastewater-treatment units provide only partial treatment of wastewater
Dispersing of the treated wastewater into the soil is an integrated stage of the complete treatment process
By dispersing of the treated wastewater into the soil at a very slow rate the subsurface soil serves as a large filter
Using drip-line with uniformly spaced drippers/emitters makes it possible to apply and disperse treated wastewater evenly over the entire dispersal area, causing even absorption and distribution into the soil

4. Operation
It is important to design the system so that the application rate does not exceed the holding/absorption capacity of the soil, which is determined according to soil characteristics
The treated water first enters the Dispersal System through an Arkal Disk Filter (120 mesh) to remove suspended solids
A Tech-filter is installed directly downstream of the Arkal Disc Filter to prevent root intrusion into the drippers (emitter)
The treated water is then delivered via a supply line to the dispersal area either via a subsurface or surface drip-line system
The drip-line system consists of parallel drip-lines (laterals) with inline integrated pressure compensating drippers (emitters) 1.6l/hr spaced at 400mm centres standard

5. Land Application Layout

6. Operation The system is either laid;
Directly on the soil surface covered with mulch,
Up to 150mm deep depending on the soil type and the vegetation cover.
Factors that will determine a multiple dispersal zoned system include;
immediate irrigation needs,
elevation,
dispersal rate,
rainfall and
pump duties

7. Bioline 17
Bioline 17 is PURPLE pressure compensated continuos self-cleaning drip-line
17mm OD, 14.4mm ID Start-up pressure 10m Holding Pressure 2m
The pressure compensating range is 10-35m
High clogging resistance with unique self-flushing mechanism
Largest inlet filter available on the market preventing particles entering the emitter
Unique non-leakage mechanism (CNL- compensated non-leakage) which eliminates drainage and refill effect
Anti root intrusion barrier
The silicon diaphragm in the dripper is chlorine resistant
Unique anti-vacuum mechanism preventing sucking of soil into the drip-line
Bioline 17 is supplied with 0.4m spacing between the emitters and each dripper has a flow rate of 1.6 L/h.

8. Laterals
The length of the lateral (the drip-line rows) depends on the pressure available and undulation
Note run lengths calculations are based with a minimum of 100 kPa end pressure on level ground
Netafim has software to calculate the run lengths
Bioline 17 is referred to as Uniram 17 in software package
DOWNLOAD-
350
300
250
200
150
Intel Pressure in KPA
185
171
155
135
106
Max Run Length in m

9. Drip-line lateral Spacing
The site and soil evaluator determines the lateral spacing between the drip-lines by:
soil type,
vegetation cover (turf or gardens) and
the slope
It is critical to achieve the maximum uniformity of the treated waste water possible over the total dispersal area
It is worth noting that this is dispersal and NOT irrigation therefore the lateral spacing are designed differently

10. Slopes
If the slope is more than 3% run off, drainage issues should be considered in the dispersal system design
In this case it is recommended to:
design the laterals along the contours
If the elevation between the lowest and highest point within the dispersal area is below 2m, Bioline 17 will hold the water within the drip-line on shut-off.
This is unique to the Bioline 17 drip-line and is referred to as CNL (compensated non-leakage) emitter.

11. Sub-mains & fittings
The supply manifold delivers water to each row of drip-line
The flush manifold connects to the drip-line laterals enabling the drip-line to be flushed.
25mm Purple LDPE is recommended however MDPE, HDPE and PVC can be used
The Bioline start connectors are rated to the pressure of the LDPE
It is important to installation the start connectors 90° to the sub-main

12. Air/ Vacuum Relief Valves
The Air Vacuum Relief Valve are used in the drip-line system for two reasons:
To freely allow air into the drip-line system after shutdown ensuring that a vacuum cannot draw sediment into the drip-line
To release air from the drip-line when the system is turned on
VERY IMPORTANT- The air valves are installed at the highest point in each section.

13. Disc Filter
The Arkal disk filter should be first filter installed between the treatment unit and the dispersal system.
The Arkal Disc Filter has a 120 mesh (130 micron) cartridge- red disks.
A 25mm Arkal disk filter is in the eFlow kit
The size of the Arkal disc filter will be determined by the flow rate of the system and the treated water quality.

14. Techfilter SPU
A known preventative measure against root intrusion involves the application of small amounts of Trifluralin to the soil around the drippers.
Netafim have developed the Techfilter that has filtration disks containing Trifluralin which is slowly released in minute quantities (Parts per billion) into the soil immediately around the dripper.
This creates the required protection barrier preventing roots from impregnating the dispersal system and possibly causing damage.
The Techfilter is installed down stream of the Arkal Disc Filter within the same valve box.
The life expectancy of the Techfilter cartridge or disk element is 24 months under expected or average conditions and run times in Australia.

15. Filter Installation
Ensure the filters are installed as per the drawing

16. Flushing Valve
A flush (ball) valve should be placed at the lowest point on the flush manifold.
The flushing valve allows for regular flushing of the system when maintenance work is carried out.
NOTE- Depending on the local council regulations the discharge from the flush valve may be required to be connected to the treatment plant

17. System Flow & Pressure The flow rate of a given area is calculated by:
m² ÷ lateral spacing = Lineal meters
Lateral spacing ÷ emitter spacing = Number of emitters
Emitter spacing x Flow rate of emitters = Total flow
Pressure of a given area is an accumulation of
Static head- vertical height
Friction loss in filters, fittings, sub-main, dripline and flush-line
Bioline specifications- i.e. the flow rate and emitter spacings
Minimum operating pressure of the dripline (Bioline 17 - min pressure 10m)
The flow rate will effect the friction loss of the above components
Once the flow and pressure is determined a pump can be selected

18. Designing Land Application Systems
All systems are site specific
The design of the dispersal system has be by a qualified site and soil evaluator
Courses are conducted through Yeronga TAFE
When designing a Dispersal System for treated wastewater the main parameters affecting the design and size of the system are as follows:
The amount of treated water to be dispersed.
The dispersal rate (hydraulic loading rate) to the soil.
The total area available for the Dispersal System.
Council/ Local Government requirements.
Other factors that must be considered are slope and landscape contours, vegetation cover, watercourses, boundaries and set backs
The values in the following table represent a conservative approach for sizing a Dispersal System taking all parameters into account
The “Design Dispersal Rate” (hydraulic loading rate) is taken from the Australian/New Zealand standard 1547:2000

19. Design Dispersal Rate
Drip-line Length per 1L wastewater
Area
Required per 1L/day
Dispersal Rate
mm/day
Dispersal Rate[1]
mm/week
Soil Structure
Soil texture
Lateral Spacing
1 m
0.5 m
0.200 m
0.400 m
0.200 m2 5 35
sStructureles
Massive
Gravels and sands
Weakly structured
Sandy loams
0.250 m
0.500 m
0.250 m2 4 28
High/moderately structured
Weakly structured or massive
Loams
0.285 m
0.570 m
0.285 m2
3.5 25
Massive structured
Clay loams
0.345 m
0.690 m
0.345 m2
2.9 20
Strongly structured
Moderately structured
Light clays
0.467 m
0.934 m
0.467 m2
2.14 15
Medium to heavy clays
[1] Recommended Dispersal Rates according to the Design Irrigation Rates (DIR) Australian/New Zealand Standard 1547:2000

20. Example Example Household to disperse - 800L/day
Soil Type - clay loam, which is moderately structured.
Refer Table (highlighted section)
At a dispersal rate of 3.5mm/day the required area is m²/L per day.
Calculation
Area required for 1L x the number of litres of treated water, i.e.
0.285m2/L x 800L
= 228m²
Note: This is based on a 1m lateral spacing using the standard Bioline 17 configuration

21. Maintenance Is an important though often neglected aspect
Protects one’s investment
Minimises breakdowns at critical times
A preventative program is preferred
Is cost effective
Frequent maintenance of the Dispersal System is recommended usually when the treatment unit is being serviced.
The following maintenance should be carried out:
Check for leakages in the drip-line.
Check and clean the Arkal Disc Filter
Ensure the treated wastewater is being dispersed evenly over the dispersal area.
Replacement of the Techfilter cartridge every 24 months (based on normal operating conditions)
Flushing of the system

22. Flushing
System flushing is the procedure of opening the flush valve (usually a ball valve) on your flush-line whilst under pressure.
This procedure increases the velocity of treated wastewater inside the drip-line to scour contaminants off the internal walls or individual drip emitter filters and removing these contaminants out of your system
General Rule- Allow 1 second for every meter from the treatment plant to the flush valve when flushing the system
System flushing should be conducted at regular intervals usually when the system is being serviced.
The frequency will depend mainly on your treated wastewater quality, loading and regulations for system maintenance

23. eFlow Components eFlow Start-up Kit Contents EXCLUSIVE TO TRADELINK
1 x 13mm Air valve
1 x 25mm x 13mm BSPF threaded tee
1 x 200m Bioline m
30 x Start connectors
1 x Punch tool
30 x 17mm Ratchet clamps
5 x 17mm Joiners
1 x 25mm Flush valve
1 x 25mm Arkal disc filter
1 x 25mm Tech-filter
1 x 50m LDPE purple 25mm
4 x 25mm BSPF x 25mm nut & tails
16 x 25mm Ratchet clamps
2 x 25mm Joiner
2 x 25mm End plug
EXCLUSIVE TO TRADELINK

24. eFlow Components eFlow Add-on Kit Contents EXCLUSIVE TO TRADELINK
1 x 13mm Air valve
1 x 25mm x 13mm BSPF threaded tee
1 x 200m Bioline m
30 x Start connectors
30 x 17mm Ratchet clamps
5 x 17mm Joiners
1 x 25mm Flush valve
1 x 50m LDPE purple 25mm
13 x 25mm Ratchet clamps
1 x 25mm Tee
2 x 25mm Joiner
2 x 25mm End plug
EXCLUSIVE TO TRADELINK

25. Conclusions
Drip line systems are effective and reliable systems for land application from treatment systems.
It is very important to design, install and maintain drip-line systems to ensure the longjeparty and integrity of the system