2. Introduction of Gerund
We can use –ing forms as verbs in the form of continuous tense.
When –ing forms are used as adjectives, they are often called present participle.
When they are used as nouns, they are often called gerunds

3. Forms of Gerund * Positive V. + -ing ( gerund ) e.g. They denied
stealing the money.
* Negative
No + gerund
e.g. There is no joking about such matters.

4. Uses of Gerund used after the following verbs
admit mind tolerate
avoid miss understand
consider fancy go
delay postpone forgive
stop suggest propose
enjoy report permit
explain study
finish mention
imagine deny

5. Examples l’m considering applying for that job.
Gil and Jim have decided to postpone having a family for a while.
He denied ever having been there.
We do not permit smoking in the office.
Don’t delay claiming or you may lose the benefit.
She tried to avoid getting involved in their quarrels.

6. Used after all prepositions
Example
you should check the oil before starting the car.
We got the job finished by working sixteen hours a day.
He insisted on seeing her.
He was accused of smuggling.
I am sorry for keeping you waiting.

7. The use of gerunds in many common expressions
it is no use be busy
is it any use …? be worth
there is no use catch + gerund
it is no good spend time + gerund
can’t help waste time + gerund
feel like = want

8. For example It is no use e.g. it’s no use trying to persuade her.
Can’t stand = can’t bear e.g. l just can’t stand stinging there and doing nothing.
Can’t help e.g. She couldn’t help laughing when she saw him in the costume.
Feel like e.g. l don’t feel like going to school today.etc.

9. The Ger-in cases Remember Like / Love / Hate / Prefer
Forget See / Watch / Hear
Regret Notice / Observe / Feel
Stop Need / Require / Want
Go on Deserve / Propose /
Try Attempt / Begin / Start
Afraid Continue / Intend / Plan
Allow / Advise / Forbid / Permit

10. The Ger-In cases 1 Remember A.
A. remember + gerund = remember what one has done or what has happened e.g. l remember putting my money in this bag yesterday. Somebody must have taken it.
B. remember + infinitive = remember what one has to do
e.g. Remember to go to the post office, won’t you?

11. The Ger-In cases 2
Stop A. stop +gerund = stop what one is doing e.g. They were tired so they stopped walking and made camp.
B. stop + infinitive = make a break in order to do something else e.g. Seeing that he still had a head-ache, she stopped to give him a tablet.

12. The Ger-In cases 3 Forget
forget + gerund = forget what one has done or what has happened e.g. l shall never forget seeing the Queen.
forget + infinitive = forget what one has to do e.g. l seldom forget to wash my hands before meals.

13. Exercise 1. Does your dress require…? A. to press B. to be pressed
C. to be pressing D. pressing
2.    ..is fun. I like it very much.
A. Dance B. Danced
C. Dancing D. Having danced
Who suggested …to the Peak for the picnic ?
A.  to went B. to go
B.went D. going

14. Exercise 4. She…when she knew she had failed the examination.
A. couldn't help crying B. couldn't’t help cry
C. couldn't’t help to cry D. could help crying
5. Everyone dislikes …in public.
A. being laughed at B. laughing at
C. to be laughed D. be laughing at
6. He has no alternative but …bankruptcy.
A. declaring B. being declared
C. having declared D. to declare

15. Exercise
7. Peter ran away without …his friend in trouble A. him helping B. him help
C. helping D. helping of
8. I was so happy because my mother permitted me …camping.
A. to go B. go to
C. went D. going to
9. No one could be exempted from …taxes to the government.
A. paid B. paiding
C. his paying D. paying

16. Effie, Sue, Jurita, Yan ( 6A )