1. Teknik Kendaraan Ringan
LUBRICATION SYSTEMS
Teknik Kendaraan Ringan
Semester 3th Class XI
Kompetensi Kejuruan
SK-KD 6.1TH

2. DIAGRAM ALUR PENCAPAIAN KOMPETENSI

3. Friction
Resistance to motion between two or more objects (will be on lubrication test)
Causes mechanical energy to be transferred to heat energy
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4. Friction Classifications
Static friction (friction at rest)
Between two or more objects that don’t move to each other (much greater than kinetic)
Examples?
Dry Friction
Between two dry objects
Examples
Greasy Friction
Between two wet objects
Viscous Friction
Between two layers of liquid
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5. Where does oil come from?
It is refined from crude oil pumped out of the ground
Crude oil is also used to make many different products including gasoline
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6. Four Purposes of using oil
1. Reduces friction (lubricate)
Keeps metal from touching metal which quiets engine noise and reduces wear
Absorbs shock
Crankshaft or Camshaft Journal
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7. Four Purposes of using oil
2. Cools
Removes heat from internal engine parts
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8. Four Purposes of using oil
3. Cleans
Has detergent additive for cleaning
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9. Four Purposes of using oil
4. Seals
Fills in microscopic imperfections
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10. OIL VISCOSITY VISCOSITY Ability of a liquid to flow
High Viscosity = slow flow
Low Viscosity = faster flow
What Affect does temperature have on viscosity?
More heat (hotter) lowers oil viscosity
Too much heat thins out too much (metal to metal)
Less heat (colder) raises oil viscosity
Oil too cold won’t flow to necessary parts
Engine manufactures determine NEEDED oil viscosity for their engines at different operating temperatures
We will look at the different owners manuals that you bring in to see what their recommendations are
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11. SAE Society of Automotive Engineers
Started rating oil viscosity in 1911 to give a standard
Do many more things that standardize automobiles
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12. SAE Viscosity Test
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13. SAE
The winter test, at 0oF, is given a number that represents how fast it flows followed by a “W”
SAE 0W
SAE 5W
SAE 10W
SAE 15W
SAE 20W
Thinnest
Thickest
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14. SAE
The summer test, at 210oF, is just given a number that represents how fast it flows
SAE 20
SAE 30
SAE 40
SAE 50
SAE 60
Thinnest
Thickest
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15. Oil Service Rating
The service rating of oil tells us the oil has the additives in the oil that the manufacture accepts
Rated by the “American Petroleum Institute” API
Gasoline Powered
S for Spark Ignited
SA Straight Mineral Oil
SB Anti scuff & oxidant inhibitors SC SD SE SF SG SH SJ
Diesel Powered
C for Compression Ignited or Commercial CA CB CC CD
CE turbo/super charged CF CG 0%
Additives
25%
Additives
ALL ARE BACKWARDS COMPATIBLE 1
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16. Oil Additives that make the differences in the API rating
Antiwear Agents
Detergent Dispersants
Oxidation Inhibitors
Rust and Corrosion Inhibitors
Viscosity Improvers
Foam Inhibitors
Pour-Point Depressors
Friction Modifiers
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17. Synthetic Oil Made from man made molecules in a lab
Greater resistance to corrosion
Flows freely down to extreme temperatures
Less break down at high temperatures
Greater resistance to thickening and evaporation
Cost is about four times as much
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18. Synthetic Blends Approximately half synthetic and half from crude oil
Cost about two times mineral oil
Get some of the advantages of synthetic
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19. 2.Pressure 1.Splash Lubricating Systems There are two types of systems
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20. Dippers
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21. Slingers
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22. Pressure Lubrication Wet Sump – used on most applications
Dry Sump – used on race engines and where space is a problem
Uses a pump to push oil through passages in engine called oil galleries
Automotive Oil Pumps
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23. Automotive Oil Pumps
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24. Wet sump pressurized oil lubrication
Oil level?
Oil pan
Oil pump and pickup tube
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25. Cross Drilled Crankshaft
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26. OIL LUBRICATION LINE
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27. Oil Filters
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28. Oil Filters (surface filter) (depth filter) Pleated paper type
Media type
(depth filter)
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29. Full Flow Filters Filter bypass valve Pressure relief valve
If filter gets plugged
Pressure relief valve
Protects against
Excessive pressure
(usually around psi)
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30. Bypass Filters Pressure relief valve
Not as effective as Flow Flow type
Pressure relief valve
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31. Checking Oil Level Most accurate if on level surface
The best time to check is before starting cold
If running, shut off and let set for a couple of minutes
Find dipstick remove and wipe off
Make sure no dirt falls in dipstick hole
Reinsert dipstick all the way in, remove and look at where oil level is on stick
Should be between “Full” and “Add”
On automobiles and trucks, “Add” is usually 1 quart low
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32. Checking Oil
Full Add
Dip stick
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33. Adding Oil
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34. Draining Oil Cars and Trucks
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35. Removing Oil Filter
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36. TEAM 21 “Toyota Technician”, Toyota Astra Motor www.carrersnet.com
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
TEAM 21 “Toyota Technician”, Toyota Astra Motor
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