1. Part 3 and 4: The Civil War Notes
Political Leaders of the Civil War

2. Abraham Lincoln President of the United States during the Civil War
Against Slavery but was willing to keep it to preserve the “Union.”
Used the army to arrest many pro-secession politicians in Maryland so he could save Washington D.C. as the U.S. capital.
President Lincoln’s 4 brother-in-laws were Confederates.
He was the 1st president to wear a beard.

3. Jefferson Davis President of the Confederacy during the Civil War
The first Capital of the confederacy was Montgomery, Alabama.
When Virginia seceded the Capital of the Confederacy was Richmond, Virginia
Jefferson Davis

4. Robert E. Lee In 1862 Lee took over the Confederate army.
Born in Virginia
Fought for the U.S. in the Mexican American War.
Lee privately ridiculed the Confederacy in letters in early 1861, denouncing secession as "revolution" and a betrayal of the efforts of the Founding Fathers.
Resigned from U.S. army to join the Confederacy because Virginia seceded

5. Lee was an excellent general and is one of the most celebrated military figures in American History.
Military historians continue to pay attention to his battlefield tactics and his maneuvering in battle.
Lee mounted on his famous horse Traveller

6. Civil War Soldiers

8. Battles of the Civil War

9. Battle of Bull Run (called Manassas in the south) The first battle of the Civil War
People on both sides thought this would be a quick war. After one battle they figured it would be over.
Tourist from Washington D.C. came to watch the battle.

10. BULL RUN The battle was bloody.
Union soldiers eventually fled the battlefield giving the Confederacy its first victory.
The Battle was bloody. Just under a combined 1,000 soldiers was killed.
BULL RUN
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson, General in the Civil War, received his nickname at Bull Run.

11. After the loss at Bull Run the Union realized it needed to properly train its Army to defeat the South.
Lincoln selected George B. McClellan to train the Union Army and invade Virginia
George B. McClellan

12. Peninsula Campaign
McClellan eventually raised a 121,000 man army and invaded the coast of Virginia.
McClellan stalled his invasion however when Confederate General John B. Magruder tricked him to thinking the Confederates out numbered the Union forces.

13. Seven Days Battles
When Robert E. Lee took over the Confederate Army in 1862 he was determined to stop McClellan from taking the Capital Richmond.
Gen. Lee attacked McClellan again and again - at Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mill, Savage's Station, Frayser's Farm, and Malvern Hill. McClellan won four out of the five battles, but proved as fearful in victory as he was in defeat, backing away until he reached Harrison's Landing on the James river. The Seven Days battles ended any hope The Peninsula Campaign could end the war

14. Battle of Shiloh
In Tennessee near an old church named Shiloh, the Confederate Army attacked the Union army led by Ulysses S. Grant.
The Battle was a bloody and both sides suffered a combined 20,000 casualties. The Union won the battle and invaded south along the Mississippi river.

15. Battle of Antietam McClellan attacked Lee near Sharpsburg, Maryland.
Over 25,000 casualties on both sides
Battle was a draw but gave Lincoln the confidence to announce the Emancipation Proclamation which legally freed the Slaves in the Confederacy

16. Fredericksburg
After Antietam in Dec 1862, the North once again tried to drive south to Richmond.
Fredericksburg was one of the most one-sided battles of the American Civil War. The Union Army lost and suffered terrible casualties in a brutal frontal assault on against Confederate defenders behind a wall in the city.
Brought to an early end their campaign against the Confederate capital of Richmond.

17. Union General Carousel
McClellan was fired by Lincoln for not being decisive enough. After McClellan followed:
Joseph Hooker
Ambrose Burnside
-The word for sideburns comes from his name.
Lost at Fredericksburg
George Meade
Beaten by Lee at the
Battle of Chancellorsville
Even though he outnumbered
him 2 to 1.
Won Gettysburg
But didn’t chase Lee
which angered Lincoln

18. VICKSBURG
Grant captured Vicksburg, Mississippi after a long siege from May 18 to July 4, It gave the North control of the Mississippi River and cut off Texas from the rest of the south Abraham Lincoln was so impressed with Ulysses S. Grant he gave him command of the entire Union Army.

19. Lee decided to invade the North to try and force Lincoln to end the war.

20. The battle was fought in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and was the bloodiest battle ever fought on American soil

21. Joshua Lawrence Chamberlin
Joshua Lawrence Chamberlin’s 20th Maine held Little Round Top which saved the Union from being flanked.
“Gettysburg” Ch. 33
Joshua Lawrence Chamberlin

22. After Lee failed to flank the Union, he ordered George Pickett and 15,000 men to charge the middle of the Union Lines.
“Pickett’s Charge” was a disaster. Lee lost 7,000 men. Afterwards when Lee told Pickett to rally his division for the defense, Pickett allegedly replied, "General Lee, I have no division.“
George Pickett

23. Gettysburg was the turning point of the war.
Afterwards the North was in charge and the Confederacy was just trying its best to defend itself.
Confederate Veterans reliving “Pickett’s Charge” in 1913

24. Grant Invades the South
After Gettysburg, Grant pushed south to once again try and capture Richmond.
Grant tried again and again to get around the right side of Lee's army, destroy it, then move on Richmond and end the war. Lee saw what he was trying to do and managed to stop him. The struggle continued along a hundred-mile line before the two armies settled in for a siege at Petersburg, southeast of the Confederate capital

26. Trenches at Petersburg

27. William Tecumseh Sherman
Grant gave his friend Sherman the job of taking Atlanta, Georgia.

28. “March To The Sea”
After a tough fight to capture Atlanta, Sherman marched his men southeast to the ocean and took Savannah, Georgia
Sherman then marched north into the Carolina’s.
The south was now divided further still.

30. The End
Lee is forced from his trenches in April of 1865 and flees west with Grant in pursuit.
Grant catches Lee at Appomattox Courthouse in western Virginia. Lee is forced to surrender.

31. The War officially ends at Appomattox Courthouse

32. Grant chooses Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, the hero of Little Round Top at Gettysburg, to accept the official surrender of Lee.

33. The last battle of the Civil War took place at Palmito Ranch in south Texas on May 12th and the 13th of 1865.
The Union attacked Brownsville to stop cotton shipments across the Rio Grande
The Confederate forces from Texas, led by John “Rip” Ford (the famous Texas Ranger) actually won the battle, even though the war was over at this point.
PALMITO RANCH
John “Rip” Ford

34. Nearly 70,000 men from Texas fought for the Confederacy.
The most famous group was the Texas Brigade led by John Bell Hood which fought in the Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee.
“Texan’s always move them!!!”
-Robert E. Lee
At the battle of the Wilderness
in 1864
Texans in the War
John Bell Hood
John Rip Ford photo courtacy of Texas Beyond History, Texas Archeological Research Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin

35. Albert Sidney Johnston, killed at the battle of Shiloh, considered one of the top Confederate leaders in war.
Other groups from Texas, included Terry’s Texas Rangers and Ross’s Brigade who gained fame for fighting all over the confederacy.
Albert Sidney Johnston
John Rip Ford photo courtacy of Texas Beyond History, Texas Archeological Research Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin

36. The Draft
During the war the Confederacy used a draft to get more soldiers.
All men had to serve
Very unpopular
In the South the rich could avoid it if they owned 20 slaves or hired someone to take their place

37. The Cost of the Civil War
The Civil War lasted from April 1861 to May of 1865.
Around 600,000 Americans were killed and another 400 thousand were wounded.