1. Manifest Destiny

2. Cowboys Mormons Farmers Settlers Native Americans 49ers
Definition: The belief in the 1800‘s that the US was destined by God to expand across the continent, from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.
Cowboys
Railroad Workers
Mormons
Farmers
Settlers
Native Americans
49ers

3. Cowboys Farmers Settlers Native Americans 49ers Mormons
Herding cattle from Texas to Kansas
Railroad Workers
Irish & Chinese immigrants
Dangerous & difficult work
Mormons
Found Utah for religious freedom
Farmers
Moving west for land
Settlers
Economic opportunity
Land to own and farm
Native Americans
Forced further west
Forced onto reservations
49ers
Gold discovered in 1848
Gold rush begins in 1849

4. MANIFEST DESTINY
In the 1840s many Americans believed that their movement westward was predestined by God
Manifest Destiny was the belief that the U.S. would expand “from sea to shining sea” – from the Atlantic to the Pacific
Westward expansion was also helped by technology

5. REGIONS CREATE DIFFERENCES
The Northeast continued to develop industry while the South and West continued to be more agricultural
The Industrial Revolution reached America by the early-mid 19th century
New England first to embrace factory system, especially in textile (fabric) mills

6. SOUTH REMAINS AGRICULTURAL
Meanwhile, the South continued to grow as an agricultural power
Eli Whitney’s invention of the Cotton Gin (1793) made producing cotton even more profitable
The South became a “Cotton Kingdom”
More labor was needed – 1790 = ,000 slaves
1820 = 1,500,000 slaves
Cotton Gin quickly separated cotton fiber from seeds

7. Tariffs: place taxes on imported goods YOU DECIDE!
The industrial North
(wanted or did not want)
high protective tariffs?
The agricultural South
(wanted or did not want) high protective tariffs?

8. BALANCING NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM
Economic differences created political tension between North & South
Tariffs (again!)
As the regions moved apart, politicians attempted to keep nation together
House Speaker Henry Clay’s American System called for a protective tariff, a National Bank, and an improved infrastructure to help travel: the Erie Canal

9. NEW INVENTIONS HELP EXPANSION
1837 – Samuel Morse invented the Telegraph
Railroads were becoming faster and more numerous by 1830 surpassing canals as # 1 means of transport
Robert Fulton invented the Steamboat and by 1830, 200 were on the Mississippi
John Deere’s Steel Plow and Cyrus McCormick’s Reaper improved agriculture
By 1854, 23,000 miles of telegraph wire crossed the country

11. Mexico wins independence from Spain in 1821
Americans settle Mexico’s northern border (Texas) but keep US customs
Mexican government tries to enforce new laws that upset US settlers (like no slavery)

12. 4. Texans clash with Mexican army led by Santa Anna
Sam Houston & Texan leaders declare Texas independent

13. 6. Texas is a sovereign (independent) nation from 1836-1846

14. THE ALAMO IN SAN ANTONIO
REMEMBER THE ALAMO
During the revolt against Mexican rule, American Texans moved into an old mission known as the Alamo.
After 12 days, 150 people held off an army of 6000
The Mexican troops finally scaled the walls and killed all 187 Americans
“Remember the Alamo!” becomes a famous battle cry.
Why?
THE ALAMO IN SAN ANTONIO

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18. MEXICAN PRESIDENT SANTA ANNA
MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR
In 1844 President James Polk wanted to annex Texas (make it part of the U.S.)
Negotiations failed and U.S. troops moved into Mexican territory
America victories soon followed, and in 1848 Mexican leader Santa Anna admitted defeat
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo was signed – U.S. won present-day Texas, California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona and parts of Colorado and New Mexico
MEXICAN PRESIDENT SANTA ANNA

19. The US enters in 1846 and the war lasts 20 months – helps the United States reach goal of Manifest Destiny
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20. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Mexico agreed to accept the Rio Grande River as the north border of Texas
2. Mexico recognized that Texas was part of the US
3. Mexico gave up a large stretch of land between Texas and the Pacific

21. CALIFORNIA GOLD RUSH
After gold was discovered at Sutter’s Mill, migration to California rose from 400 in 1848 to 44,000 in 1850
Folks who rushed to San Francisco in 1849 became known as Forty-niners
By 1857, the total amount of gold mined in California topped $2,000,000,000

22. UNITED STATES EXPANSION BY 1853 - MANIFEST DESTINY