1. CHM 101, 102
Key to success:
1. Do not miss classes
2. Read the textbook ahead of time
3. Complete OWL assignments on time
4. Do problems at the end of each chapter
5. Pay attention in class.
Do not carry out a conversation with
you classmates during lectures.

2. I. Chemistry - Study of Matter and Energy
Why study chemistry: 1) To understand the nature 2) To bring about a better world
Chemistry is also called the Servant Science.
Medicine
Engineering
Space, Planetary
Home economics
Agriculture, Biology, Defense
Computers, TV, CD, VCR,
DVD, Cell phones,
i-pod, i-Phone,
Blackberry,
iTune

3. Communication, Appliances, Automobiles,
Instruments (Cat scan, MRI, PET scan)
Psychology, Environment, Nutrition, sports,
Music, Arts, Magic, etc.
3) Interesting (fun)

4. Scientific Method

5. Matter and Energy
Matter - Anything that has mass and occupies space.
Energy - Does not have mass, but has the ability to do work, to
cause physical or chemical changes (light, heat, etc.)
Potential energy - stored energy
Kinetic energy - motion
Changes in Matter and Energy
1) Chemical changes (reactions) - result in the disappearance
of old substances and the formation of new ones.
A + B C + D
2) Physical changes - do not result in the formation of new
substances - melting, evaporation, mixing
(energy transfer is occurred).

6. Chemical change
A + B C + D

7. B. Properties of Matter 1) Chemical properties - the tendency of a substance to
undergo or resist certain chemical changes
2) Physical properties –
all properties other than chemical:
melting point, boiling point, refractive index, odor,
color, density, viscosity, etc.
C.  Physical States of Matter    Solid    Liquid   Gas

8. A solid has a definite shape and a definite volume
A liquid has no definite shape (it takes the shape of its container)
but a definite volume
As gas has no definite shape or volume
solid liquid gas

9. Bromine
gas
solid
liquid

10. D. Classes of Matter

11. E. Pure substance – same properties everywhere
Element – an element cannot be broken down into two or
more simpler substances by physical or simple chemical
changes
Symbols of elements
Memorize the first 20

12. The Periodic Table

13. Name and Symbols of elements
First letter of a chemical symbol is always capitalized
and the second is not:
Hydrogen
Helium
The Big Four:
Carbon C
Hydrogen H
Oxygen O
Nitrogen N

14. b) Compound – a substance of definite composition of elements.
It can be decomposed into two or more simpler
substances by simple chemical changes but not
by physical means.
Example: water
18 pounds of water contains 16 pounds of O and 2 pounds of H
Ratio of O to H by weight =
16 to 2
9 pounds of water contains 8 pounds of O and 1 pounds of H

16. F. Natural Laws
Law of conservation of mass – mass can be neither
created nor destroyed in any transformation of matter.
2. Law of conservation of energy – energy can be neither
3. Law of constant composition – a compound consists of
elements of definite composition.

17. Dalton’s Atomic Theory
G.   Atoms and Molecules
Dalton’s Atomic Theory
All matter is composed of very tiny indestructible unit particles called atoms.
All atoms of the same element have the same
chemical properties. Atoms of different elements
have different chemical properties.
During chemical reactions, atoms may combine, or
combinations of atoms may break down, but the atoms
themselves are unchanged.
When atoms form compounds (molecules), they unite in
small whole number ratios such as 1:1, 1:2, 2:3, etc.
A molecule consists of two or more atoms that function
as a unit.

18. a) monatomic elements
b) diatomic and polyatomic elements (Homoatomic molecule )
c) Heteroatomic molecule - contains 2 or more kinds of atoms.
CO H2O
d) Gaseous elements under normal conditions

19. water H2O

21. H. Chemical formulas

22. I. Mixtures

23. Compounds and mixtures
Example: H2O is a compound

24. Compound vs. Mixture
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25. Clear Homogeneous mixture - molecules of each component
are evenly distributed
- one phase
Clear
Heterogeneous mixture
- molecules are unevenly distributed
- more than one phase

27. Concept Check Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture?
Pure water
Gasoline
Jar of jelly beans
Soil
Copper metal
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