1. CH1: Atomic and Molecular Structure

2. The Periodic Table Semimetals Non metals Metals A L K I C A R B O N OG A S A L K I N I T R O G E
Semimetals H A L O G E N S A L K I N E R T H C A R B O N O X Y G E N B O R N
TRANSITION
INNER TRANSITION

4. Periods: 1-7
Groups/Families
-similar properties
-same # of valence e-

5. Periodic Table

6. s p d f Orbitals: s, p, d, f Trends
Increase in electronegativity, ionization energy, nonmetallicity
Increase in atomic/ionic radius, metallicity s p d
Ionization energy: Energy needed to take away an e-
Electronegativity: attraction to e- f
Trends
Elements are arranged according to atomic #, atomic mass and properties (trends).

7. Trends

8. What group of elements
can represent W?
What group of elements
can represent X?

9. Atoms The nucleus contains most of the mass
Electrons contain most the volume
Most of the atom is empty space e- + o

10. Structure of Atom

11. e- vary 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 Valence electrons
-These electrons are responsible for bonding
Valence
electrons
-Atoms want 8 electrons
-Atoms will lose/gain electrons to get 8  ions
-Atoms lose e- and become +  cations
-Atoms gain e- and become -  anions
e- vary 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2
Various + charges +1 +2 +3 -3 -2 -1

12. Valence electrons & trends

13. Atomic # (the smaller of the two numbers)
Atomic # = proton # (and electrons when neutral) S 16
Atomic mass = protons + neutrons
Symbol: Stands for the element
Charge = protons - electrons
Atomic Mass

14. Noble Gas Configuration
Shortens the electron configuration
Magnesium-12: 1s22s22p63s2
This is the configuration for the noble gas Ne
Can rewrite the configuration using Ne in place of its configuration
Magnesium-12: [Ne]3s2

15. CH2: Chemical Bonds

16. Types of Bonds Covalent Bonds (nonmetals)
Electrons are shared
CH4
Ionic Bonds (metal + nonmetal)
Gain/lose electrons
NaCl
Metallic Bond (only metals)
Valence electrons flow through the atoms
Sea of electrons Au

19. Monatomic vs Diatomic Elements
Monatomic elements
These elements exist on their own as atoms
All the noble gases are monatomic
Diatomic elements
These elements exist in pairs
H2 F2 O2 N2 Cl2 Br2 I2
Mr. H FONCl BrI

20. H. FONCl BrI

21. Lewis Dot Structures
Use the valence electrons to draw dots around elements and compounds.
Count valence e- total, fulfill octets of the outer elements, fulfill octet of central atom
If too many e-, put extra electrons on central atom
If not enough e-, use double/triple bonds
Groups have the same Lewis Dot Structures
Ex: F N S

22. Al C O
CO2
Cl2 O2 N2