1. Naming Ions
9.1
A rose is rosa in Spanish, warda in Arabic, and julab in Hindi. To truly understand another culture, you must first learn the language used in that culture. Similarly, to understand chemistry, you must learn its language. For this you need to know how to name ions.

2. 9.1
Monatomic Ions
Monatomic Ions
How are the charges of Group A metal and nonmetal ions related to their positions in the periodic table?
Monatomic ions consist of a single atom with a positive or negative charge resulting from the loss or gain of one or more valence electrons, respectively.

3. 9.1
Monatomic Ions
Cations
When the metals in Groups 1, 2, and 13 lose electrons, they form cations with positive charges equal to their group number.
The names of the cations of the Group 1, Group 2, and Group 13 metals are the same as the name of the metal, followed by the word ion or cation.

4. 9.1
Monatomic Ions

5. Ions of Transition Metals
9.1
Monatomic Ions
Ions of Transition Metals
How are the charges of some transition metal ions determined?
The charges of the cations of many transition metal ions must be determined from the number of electrons lost.

6. 9.1
Monatomic Ions
These colorful solutions contain the transition metal ions Co3+, Cr3+, Fe3+, Ni2+, and Mn2+.
The ions of these transition metals produce an array of colors when dissolved in water. From left to right, the ions are Co3+, Cr3+, Fe3+, Ni2+, and Mn2+.

7. 9.1
Monatomic Ions
Many transition metal compounds are colored and can be used as pigments.
Many transition metals form brightly colored compounds that are used in making artists’ paints.

8. Two methods are used to name the ions of transition metals.
9.1
Monatomic Ions
Two methods are used to name the ions of transition metals.
The Stock system (this is the one we will use)
The classical method

9. 9.1
Monatomic Ions
In the Stock system, a Roman numeral in parentheses is placed after the name of the element to indicate the numerical value of the charge.
In an older less, useful method, the classical name of the element is used to form the root name for the element.

10. 9.1
Monatomic Ions

11. Practice Problems For Conceptual Problem 9.1
Problem-Solving 9.1 Solve Problem 1 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.

12. 9.1
Polyatomic Ions
Polyatomic Ions
What are the two endings of the names of most polyatomic ions?
(Hint: use Table E)

13. These models show the structures of four common polyatomic ions.
9.1
Polyatomic Ions
These models show the structures of four common polyatomic ions.
These molecular models show the arrangement of atoms in four common polyatomic ions. Interpreting Diagrams How does the ammonium ion differ from the other three?

14. Some ions, called polyatomic ions, are composed of more than one atom.
9.1
Polyatomic Ions
Some ions, called polyatomic ions, are composed of more than one atom.
The names of most polyatomic anions end in -ite or -ate.

15. 9.1
Polyatomic Ions
Names and Formulas of Some Common Polyatomic Ions (see first page of regents reference tables)

16. Sodium hydrogen carbonate can relieve an upset stomach.
9.1
Polyatomic Ions
Sodium hydrogen carbonate can relieve an upset stomach.
Hydrogen-containing polyatomic ions are part of many compounds that affect your daily life. a) Sodium hydrogen carbonate, which contains the HCO3- ion, can relieve an upset stomach. b) The presence of dissolved HCO3-, HPO42-, and H2PO4- ions in your blood is critical for your health. c) Crop dusters spread fertilizers containing HPO42- and H2PO4- ions.

17. 9.1
Polyatomic Ions
HCO3–, HPO42–, and H2PO4– ions in your blood are critical for your health.
Hydrogen-containing polyatomic ions are part of many compounds that affect your daily life. a) Sodium hydrogen carbonate, which contains the HCO3- ion, can relieve an upset stomach. b) The presence of dissolved HCO3-, HPO42-, and H2PO4- ions in your blood is critical for your health. c) Crop dusters spread fertilizers containing HPO42- and H2PO4- ions.

18. Fertilizers contain HPO42– and H2PO4– ions.
9.1
Polyatomic Ions
Fertilizers contain HPO42– and H2PO4– ions.
Hydrogen-containing polyatomic ions are part of many compounds that affect your daily life. a) Sodium hydrogen carbonate, which contains the HCO3- ion, can relieve an upset stomach. b) The presence of dissolved HCO3-, HPO42-, and H2PO4- ions in your blood is critical for your health. c) Crop dusters spread fertilizers containing HPO42- and H2PO4- ions.

19. 9.1 Section Quiz.
9.1.

20. 9.1 Section Quiz
2. Which of the following are positively charged polyatomic ions?
(I) ammonium ion
(II) perchlorate ion
(III) ferric ion = Fe(III) ion
I only
II only
III only
I and III

21. 9.1 Section Quiz
3. If the name of an ion ends in -ite or -ate, the ion is a
polyatomic cation.
polyatomic anion.
transition metal cation.
monatomic anion.

22. Binary Ionic Compounds
9.2
Binary Ionic Compounds
Binary Ionic Compounds
How are the names of binary ionic compounds determined?
How do you write the formulas for binary ionic compounds?

23. Binary Ionic Compounds
9.2
Binary Ionic Compounds
These masks are made of an ionic compound with the common name gypsum. This name does not tell you anything about the chemical composition of the compound, though.
These masks are made of an ionic compound with the common name gypsum (CaSO4 · 2H2O). Gypsum is also used in wallboard.

24. Binary Ionic Compounds
9.2
Binary Ionic Compounds
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
A binary compound is composed of two elements and can be either ionic or molecular.
To name any binary ionic compound, place the cation name first, followed by the anion name.

25. Binary Ionic Compounds
9.2
Binary Ionic Compounds
Tin(II) sulfide, or SnF2, is added to toothpastes to prevent cavities.
Tin(II) fluoride and tin(IV) sulfide have different compositions and uses. a) Tin(II) fluoride is added to toothpastes to prevent cavities. b) Tin(IV) sulfide is used in glazes for porcelain fixtures and dishes. Inferring What are the charges on the tin ions in the two compounds?

26. Binary Ionic Compounds
9.2
Binary Ionic Compounds
Tin(IV) sulfide, or SnS2, is used in glazes for porcelain fixtures and dishes.
Tin(II) fluoride and tin(IV) sulfide have different compositions and uses. a) Tin(II) fluoride is added to toothpastes to prevent cavities. b) Tin(IV) sulfide is used in glazes for porcelain fixtures and dishes. Inferring What are the charges on the tin ions in the two compounds?

27. Binary Ionic Compounds
9.2
Binary Ionic Compounds
Hematite, a common ore of iron, contains iron (III) oxide. The balanced formula is Fe2O3.
In the process for making steel, iron is extracted from hematite, an ore containing iron(III) oxide. Applying Concepts What is the formula for iron(III) oxide?

28. Binary Ionic Compounds
9.2
Binary Ionic Compounds
Writing Formulas for Binary Ionic Compounds
Write the symbol of the cation and then the anion. Add whatever subscripts are needed to balance the charges.

29. 9.2
Conceptual Problem 9.2

30. 9.2
Conceptual Problem 9.2

31. 9.2
Conceptual Problem 9.2

32. Sample Problems For Conceptual Problem 9.2
Problem Solving 9.11 Solve Problem 11 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.

33. Compounds With Polyatomic Ions
9.2
Compounds With Polyatomic Ions
Compounds with Polyatomic Ions
How do you write the formulas and names of compounds containing polyatomic ions?
Write the symbol for the cation followed by the formula for the polyatomic ion and balance the charges.

34. Compounds With Polyatomic Ions
9.2
Compounds With Polyatomic Ions
For example, calcium nitrate is composed of a calcium cation (Ca2+) and a polyatomic nitrate anion (NO3–).
In calcium nitrate, two nitrate anions, each with a 1– charge, are needed to balance the 2+ charge of each calcium cation. The formula for calcium nitrate is Ca(NO3)2.

35. Compounds With Polyatomic Ions
9.2
Compounds With Polyatomic Ions
Oysters produce calcium carbonate to form their shells and sometimes pearls.
Some examples of ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions are shown. a) Oysters produce calcium carbonate to form their shells and sometimes pearls. b) Lead(II) sulfate is an important component of an automobile battery. c) Compounds such as ammonium sulfate or ammonium phosphate are common fertilizers.

36. Compounds With Polyatomic Ions
9.2
Compounds With Polyatomic Ions
Lead(II)sulfate is an important component of an automobile battery.
Some examples of ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions are shown. a) Oysters produce calcium carbonate to form their shells and sometimes pearls. b) Lead(II) sulfate is an important component of an automobile battery. c) Compounds such as ammonium sulfate or ammonium phosphate are common fertilizers.

37. 9.3
Conceptual Problem 9.3

38. 9.3
Conceptual Problem 9.3

39. 9.3
Conceptual Problem 9.3

40. Practice Problems For Conceptual Problem 9.3
Problem-Solving 9.12 Solve Problem 12 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.

41. Compounds With Polyatomic Ions
9.2
Compounds With Polyatomic Ions
Naming Compounds with Polyatomic Ions
To name a compound containing a polyatomic ion, state the cation first and then the anion, just as you did in naming binary ionic compounds.

42. Compounds With Polyatomic Ions
9.2
Compounds With Polyatomic Ions
Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is used as a disinfectant for swimming pools. The metallic cation in this compound is sodium (Na+) so the polyatomic ion must be ClO–.
Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is often added to the water in swimming pools to prevent bacteria from exceeding safe levels.

43. 9.2 section Quiz.
Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section 9.2.

44. 9.2 Section Quiz
1. The correct name for CrCl3 is
chromium chlorine.
chromium(III) chloride.
monochromium trichloride.
chromium(III) trichloride.

45. 9.2 Section Quiz
2. What is the correct formula for strontium nitride?
Sr3N2
SrN2
Sr2N3
Sr3N

46. 9.2 Section Quiz
3. Which one of the following compounds is named correctly?
sodium chlorite, NaClO
potassium nitrate, KNO2
sodium acetate, NaC2H3O2
lithium sulfate, Li2SO3