1. Classifying Organisms
How do scientists classify all of the organisms on Earth?

2. THINK! – What are some examples of how people use classification systems in their daily lives?
Supermarkets
Libraries
Computer Files

3. Why Classify Living Things?
Classification is the process of grouping things based on similarities
Taxonomy is the science of classification.
THINK! – Why would scientists want to use a classification system for living organisms?
To make it easier for them to study living things

4. Naming Organisms
Carl Linnaeus was the scientist who developed a two-term system for naming organisms called binomial nomenclature
Scientific Name: Universal Language (Latin)
Genus is the first name/word in the scientific name.
It contains a group of related/similar organisms.
The first letter is always capitalized and the whole word is in italics
Species is the second name/word in the scientific name.
The first letter is always lowercase and the whole word is in italics
It describes a distinctive feature about an organism (where it lives, its appearance, etc.)

5. Species
Group of similar organisms that can mate and reproduce with each other and produce offspring that can do the same.
Common Name: Name given to an organism by people of a certain region/area

6. What is the benefit of having a scientific name?
Mountain lion
Cougar
Puma
Panther
Puma concolor

7.                       
                    
Scientific Name Game
Can you match the animal with its scientific name?
A. Felis domesticus
B. Canis lupus
C. Ursus horribilis
D. Loxodonta africana
E. Canis familaris
F. Panthera leo

8. Levels of Classification
Scientists use 8 levels of classification.
The top level is the most general (broadest)
The bottom level is the most specific.
Dull King Philip Came Over For Good Soup

9. Classification Levels Rule: the more classification levels two organisms share, the more traits they have in common
Classification
Level
Man
Bobcat
Canadian
lynx
Domain
Eukarya
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Class
Mammalia
Order
Primates
Carnivora
Family
Hominidae
Felidae
Genus
Homo
Lynx
Species
Sapiens
Rufus
Canadensis
Question: Which two animals are most similar? How do you know?

10. Classification

11. Modern Day Levels of Classification: US Postal Service
Discuss with your group how the US Postal Service is
similar to Classification
Domain North America
KINGDOM                                                     UNITED STATES
     PHYLUM                                                 NEW JERSEY
          CLASS                                                 LIVINGSTON
               ORDER                                             20 FOXCROFT DRIVE     
                    FAMILY                                           HERITAGE MIDDLE SCHOOL
                         GENUS                                       Mr./Mrs.
                              SPECIES                                  YOUR NAME
The "scientific name" would then be written as Mr./Mrs. YOUR NAME (binomial nomenclature)

12. Three Domains Today’s classification system has THREE Domains
1. Archaebacteria
Ancient bacteria
2. Eubacteria
New Bacteria
3. Eukarya—includes four Kingdoms

13. Kingdoms Protista Amoebas & Paramecium Fungi Mushrooms & Molds Plantae
Mosses, Ferns
Cone-bearing
Flowering
Animalia
Invertebrates & Vertebrates

14. Domain-- the highest level (major group) of organization
Prokaryote:
cells without a NUCLEUS
Eukaryote:
cells with a NUCLEUS

15. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

16. Characteristics of Domains Eubacteria and Archaea
Prokaryotic
Unicellular
Heterotrophic and autotrophic (Heterotrophic - Organism that can't synthesize (make) it's own food) (Autotrophic - Organism that CAN make it's own food - photosynthesis)
Anaerobic (don’t use oxygen) and aerobic (use oxygen)
Aquatic, terrestrial and in the air
Mostly non mobile

17. Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Protista
Characteristics:
1. Eukaryotes
2. Unicellular, Some multicellular
3. Heterotrophs and Autotrophs
4. Mostly aquatic
5. Mobile and non-mobile
Examples: amoebas, paramecium and algae

18. Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Fungi
Characteristics:
Eukaryote
Unicellular and Multicellular
Heterotrophs
Mostly terrestrial
Nonmobile
Examples: Mushrooms, bread molds, water molds, yeasts, rusts, puffballs

19. Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Plantae
Characteristics:
Eukaryote
Multicellular
Autotrophic
Most terrestrial
Non mobile
Examples: mosses, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants (daisy, tulip)

20. Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia
Characteristics:
Eukaryote
Multicellular
Heterotrophic
Terrestrial and Aquatic
Mobile
Examples: sponges, jellyfish, mollusks, round worms, flat worms, segmented worms, arthropods, starfish, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

21. Domain Characteristics Summary
DOMAINS
Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
Unicellular or Multicellular
Autotroph or Heterotroph
ARCHAEA
Prokaryotic
Unicellular
Autotroph and Heterotroph
EUBACTERIA
EUKARYA
Kingdom Protists
(ex. Ameoba, paramecium)
Eukaryotic
Unicellular and Multicellular
Kingdom Fungi
(ex. Mushroom, mold)
Heterotroph
Kingdom Plant
(ex. Tree, flower)
Multicellular
Autotroph
Kingdom Animal
(Ex. Dog, Turtle)

22. Example of Classification
THINK!- Chordata refers to the animal having a backbone. What other animals would be classified in the phylum “Chordata?”