1. 1.B.1 Conserved Core Processes
Organisms share many conserved core
processes and features that evolved and are widely distributed among
organisms today.

2. Structural and functional evidence supports the relatedness of all domains.

3. Domain Bacteria Prokaryotes No membrane-bound organelles or nuclei
Peptidoglycan in cell walls
Rapid reproduction and mutation
May want to review Ch 27

4. Domain Archaea Prokaryotes
Share certain traits with bacteria and others with eukaryotes
…but also have own unique characteristics
Many are extremophiles (“lovers of extreme conditions”)

5. Domain Eukarya
Eukaryotes
Protists, fungi, plants, animals

6. Eukaryotic Kingdoms Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Number of cells
Unicellular to multicellular
Multicellular
How it obtains energy
Autotroph or heterotroph
Heterotroph
Autotroph
Cell wall?
Generally, no (but some do)
Yes (made of chitin)
Yes (made of cellulose) No
Example
Volvox, Paramecium, Euglena
Mushrooms, yeast, molds
Ferns, trees, flowers
Worms, dogs, humans

8. The following core processes provide evidence that all organisms (both extant and extinct) are linked by lines of descent from common ancestry.

9. We will start with the things that ALL domains share.
All Life
DNA and RNA
Central Dogma metabolic pathways
Eukarya
endomembrane system
linear chromosomes
membrane-bound organelles
cytoskeleton
Archaea
Bacteria
We will start with the things that ALL domains share.

10. DNA and RNA are the carriers of genetic information for all domains of life.

11. The Central Dogma is conserved across all three domains.

12. The genetic code is universal and shared by all modern organisms.

13. Metabolic pathways are conserved across all domains.

14. Next, we will look at what eukaryotes share.
All Life
DNA and RNA
Central Dogma metabolic pathways
Eukarya
endomembrane system
linear chromosomes
membrane-bound organelles
cytoskeleton
Archaea
Bacteria
Next, we will look at what eukaryotes share.

15. Structural evidence supports the relatedness of all eukaryotes.

16. Example: All eukaryotes have a cytoskeleton, a network of structural proteins that facilitate cell movement, morphological integrity and organelle transport.

17. Example: All eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts

18. Example: All eukaryotes have linear chromosomes

19. Example: All eukaryotes have endomembrane systems, which includes the nuclear envelope, the ER, the Golgi apparatus, and vesicles. Hint: this would be a great time to review the endomembrane system and what it does! Here is a simple animation for you:

20. The fact that all eukaryotic cells share these similar structures is evidence of a universal common ancestor.