1. OF WHAT IS NOW REFERRED TO AS THE UNITED STATES
NATIVE PEOPLES
OF WHAT IS NOW REFERRED TO AS THE UNITED STATES

2. Who is native american?

3. Native americans:
A person who is one of the original inhabitants of the “Americas” by familial lineage Increasingly used to designate the original inhabitants of the contiguous U.S., specifically; that is, not Native Alaskans or Native Hawaiians

4. Sitting Bull, Hunkpapa Lakota
Iconic images…
Sitting Bull, Hunkpapa Lakota
First Scalp for Custer

5. Homes on the Dine Reservation Devon Mihesuah, Choctaw Scholar
Vs. reality
Homes on the Dine Reservation
Devon Mihesuah, Choctaw Scholar

6. Additional terminology
American Indian- used in reference only to the original inhabitants of the U.S., but is becoming outdated
Native
Indian- used by Native Americans themselves, as a recuperation of what was initially a misnomer

7. Who is aboriginal?

8. Used less frequently to reference the original inhabitants of the U.S.
Aboriginal peoples
Used to reference the original inhabitants of Canada, New Zealand, and Australia
Used less frequently to reference the original inhabitants of the U.S.

9. Used to reference the original inhabitants of Canada
FIRST NATIONS
Used to reference the original inhabitants of Canada
This designation includes the Metis, Blackfoot, Cree, Iriquois, and Anishinaabe

10. indigenous The original inhabitants of a particular region;
Indigenous peoples are all over the world

11. Other terms to note People/Person of Color Women/Men of Color
Always preferable to refer to a Native person by their tribal affiliation
Native Cultures*
Color*d Person
Chrystos is Menominee vs. Chrystos is Native American
There is not one, but many, Native cultures

12. But they’ve all vanished
Right?

13. Wrong.
Today, there are over 550 Federally Recognized Native Nations in the United States, with hundreds of non-recognized communities
There are over 250 distinct and diverse indigenous languages being spoken today in the United States

14. So how many are there?
As we will discover, pinpointing an estimate of those who identify as Native American is a task fraught with a number of different obstacles
However, according to the U.S. Census Bureau (2010), roughly 5 million people, or 1.7% of the total U.S. population claimed either partial or total Native American or Alaska Native ancestry
By 1650 the Native population was roughly 6 million. Some scholars estimate that as many as 112 million indigenous peoples inhabited the Americas pre-contact; others say it was as low as 8 million.
For more information, see: Ostler, Jeffrey. “Genocide and American Indian History.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History Oxford University Press.

15. Land dispossession

16. Anthro. “cultural regions”
California: Ohlone, Chumash, Pomo
Northwest: Tlingit, Haida
Great Basin: Paiute, Shoshone
Great Plains: Omaha, Ponca, Sioux
Southwest: Hopi, Dine
Southeast: Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw

17. Language map

18. Internal diversity Mississippi Choctaws; 10,000 members
Farmers; corn, beans, squash, fruit, deer, fish, bear, nuts
Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma; forcibly relocated to “Indian Territory” during Trail of Tears in 1830s
Jena Band of Choctaws, in Louisiana
Resisted removal along with Mississippi Choctaws
241 enrollees
Dying reeds, basketmaking
For more information, see: Akers, Donna. Culture and Customs of the Choctaw Indians. Greenwood Press, 2013.

19. Fact & Fancy

20. Fact & fancy

21. Fact & fancy

22. Fact & fancy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSjg4VM0-q0

23. Fact & fancy http://www.gallerydirectart.com/ww-5221.html#.WZ8bkpN96CQ

24. Fact & fancy