1. Animal Behaviour and Plant Responses.
Year 13 Biology

2. Overview Orientation Tropisms Nastic responses Plant hormones
Taxes and Kineses
Migration and Dispersal
Homing

3. Overview Timing Environmental Cycles Biological clocks
Biological rhythms

4. Overview Species Interactions Behaviour and communication
Social Organisation
Courtship and pair bonding
Aggressive behaviour
Interspecific interactions
Intraspecific interactions

5. Revision The environment
The environment includes all the factors, both living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic), that affect the lives of organisms.
Abiotic – The physical factors in an environment (non-living)
Biotic – The living factors in an environment.

6. Revision Abiotic Factors
are the physical parts of the environment to which organisms respond. For most organisms, the physical factors must be kept within quite a narrow optimum range that fits the tolerance for that species.
If the factor is extreme in either direction the organism suffers from physiological stress, and if the factor becomes too extreme it leads to death. (recall the zones of tolerance)

8. Abiotic factors Examples Light (photo-) Gravity (geo- or gravi-)
Temperature (thermo-)
Water (hydro-)
Chemicals (chemo-)
Touch (thigmo-)
Current (rheo-)

9. Detecting a stimulus
A stimulus is a change in the environment (external or internal) that causes a response in an organism.
A receptor is any cell or group of cells that can detect this change
A effector is a cell or group of cells that can respond to the change.

10. Environmental stimulus
Detecting a stimulus
Environmental stimulus
Receptor detects
Communicating system
Coordinating system
Effector responds
Other information

11. Niche
Niche - You could say that the habitat is an organism’s address, and that the ecological niche is its profession. The ecological niche is a description of;
the opportunities provided by the habitat; and
The adaptations of the organism that enable it to take advantage of those opportunities.

12. 4 components of niche Habitat Feeding Activity Adaptations
Gause’s principle: No two species with identical ecological niches can co-exist for long in the same place

13. Adaptations
Most organisms are a combination of many adaptations that allow them to fit into their environment easily. Adaptations are grouped into four types;
Structural
Behavioural
Physiological
Life history (can usually also be linked to one of the other three)

14. Biotic factors Intraspecific (within a species) Competition
Reproduction
Aggressive
Co-operative

15. Biotic factors
Interspecific (between species)