1. Kingdom
Animalia

2. Having no specific shape
Body Plans
Asymmetrical
Having no specific shape
Sponge
Bilateral
½ body is mirror image of other ½

3. Same distance around a central point or line
Body Plans
Radial Symmetry
Same distance around a central point or line
Like a wheel

4. Anterior Posterior Body Plans Front end of an animal (head) Anterior
Back end of an animal (tail)
Anterior
Posterior

5. Dorsal Ventral Body Plans Back Dorsal Belly or underside (stomach)

6. Vocabulary Endothermic Maintaining a constant body temperature
Ectothermic
Body temperature same as surrounding temperature
98.6°
72 °

7. Body Cavities Acoelom(ate) Pseudocoelomate Coelom(ate)
No open body cavity
Pseudocoelomate
Small cavity not containing organs
Coelom(ate)
Body cavity containing organs

8. Pre-fixes To Know
Endo = within / inside
Ecto / Exo = Outside
Meso = Middle

9. Coelomate
Acoelomate
Pseudocoelomate

10. 95% of all animals fall into this category
Invertebrates
No Backbone
95% of all animals fall into this category

12. Phylum Porifera
Sponges
Asymmetrical shape
Filter water through body (pores)
Sessile – anchored to a surface
No organs, but specialized cells
Attached

13. at the bottom and exiting
Dye is being pulled in
at the bottom and exiting
through the tubes at
the top

14. Phylum Porifera
Reproduction
Asexual – budding
Hermaphrodites – both male and female reproductive structures
Sexual – shed egg and sperm into water – fertilization is external
Gas Exchange & Excretion – diffusion into water

15. Porifera

16. Phylum Cnidaria “Bag or Sac-like” Animals Jellyfish, Corals and Hydra
Radial Symmetry
Tentacles with Stinging Cells
(nematocysts)
Tissues (Germ Layers)
Endoderm – Inner Layer
Ectoderm – Outer Layer

17. Cnidarian Digestion
Stinging cells
Tentacles surround mouth
Gastrovascular Cavity
Acoelomate (no coelom)
Single body opening
Two way digestion
Have Organs, but no Systems

18. Cnidarian Reproduction
External Fertilization in water
Some release both egg and sperm
Hermaphrodites
Budding – bud grows off parent

19. Feeding Hydra

21. Cnidarian Gas Exchange and Excretion
Simple diffusion into water
Polyps close during the day
Polyps open up for feeding, gas exchange and excretion of wastes

22. Phylum Platyhelminthes
Flatworms, planarians, tapeworms
Bilaterial symmetry
Tissues
Endoderm, Ectoderm & Mesoderm
Single body opening – Pharynx – used like a straw to ingest food
Two-way digestion –
Food in, waste out

23. Platyhelminthes.... Reproduction Gas Exchange and Excretion
Sexual, Asexual (Regeneration)
Most species are both male and female
Hermaphrodite
Gas Exchange and Excretion
Diffusion with water
Flame cells
simple kidney – filters out
excess water
Sensory Eyespots – light sensors

25. Other Flatworms...

27. Phylum Nematoda
Parasites
Round worms, hook worms and whip worms
Bilateral symmetry
Most numerous
worms
Pseudocoelom

28. Nematodes.... Digestion 2 body openings (mouth and anus)
More specialized digestive system
One-Way Digestion
Gas Exchange
Breathes through skin

30. Phylum Annelida Segmented worms; most complex worms
Leaches, marine worms, earthworms
Bilateral Symmetry

31. Annelida.... Aortic Arch Circulation
Closed Circulatory system (contained in vessels as compared to flowing through an open body cavity
Aortic Arch

32. Annelida.... Digestive System Complete digestive system
Mouth, Crop, Gizzard, Intestine, Anus
First group to have a true coelom

33. Annelida.... Reproduction Hermaphrodite or sexual reproduction
Clitellum – band located on earthworm used for reproduction
Gas Exchange & Excretion
Absorbs moisture and breathe through skin
Nephredia – excretes waste through pores in skin

34. Reproduction

36. Phylum Mollusca Clams, Snails, Octopus
Filter Feeders – clams; Gastrovascular cavity – octopus, snails
Bilateral Symmetry
External, Internal or NO Shell
Most developed head of invertebrates so far (except clams)
Tentacles – lack stinging cells, but trap food

37. Clams, snails,octopus

38. Mollusca... Gas Exchange and Excretion Gills Nephredia to remove waste
Circulation
Has a heart
Bivalves – Open Circulation – no vessels
Squid/Octopus – Closed Circulation - vessels

40. Phylum Arthropoda
"Jointed Walking Legs"

41. Arthropods.... Lobster, Crayfish, Insects and Crabs
Insects: Most successful group on earth
Largest Phylum
Bilateral symmetry
Exoskeleton: outer skeleton made of Chitin
Must molt or shed their shell to grow

43. Arthropods... Body segmented into distinct body parts…
Head, Thorax and Abdomen
Better developed senses
Most have internal fertilization (on land)
Gas Exchange and Excretion
Malphigian Tubules, Spiracles, Nephredia

44. Arthropods... Circulation Complex Nervous System
Open Circulation System
Complex Nervous System

45. Phylum Echinodermata “Spiny Skin” Marine Invertebrates
Sea Star, Sea cucumbers, Starfish, Sand dollars
Water Vascular system controls tube feet movement and aids digestive system
Inner skeleton - Endoskeleton

46. Echinoderms... Regeneration of lost body parts Radial Symmetry
Gas Exchange and Excretion
Diffusion into water

48. Vertebrates Phylum Chordata
All chordates have these characteristics in some point in their lives
Notochord- dorsal rod of cartilage
Dorsal nerve cord
Gill slits and tail

49. Vertebrates Sub-phylum Vertebrata
Backbone- made of Vertebrae-bony segments
Highly evolved nervous system

50. Vertebrates Class Agnatha- jawless fish Have sucker heads
Ex. Lamprey and hagfish

51. Vertebrates Class Chondrichthyes- cartilagenous fish
Skeleton made of cartilage
Ex. Sharks, rays, and skates

52. Vertebrates Class Osteichthyes- bony fish. Majority of fish
Skeleton made of bone

53. Vertebrates Common Characteristics of Fish Circulation
2 chambered heart (1 atrium & 1 ventricle)
Closed circulation
Gas Exchange and Excretion
Gills fused with circulatory
system
Excrete ammonia directly
into water

54. Vertebrates Common Characteristics of Fish Reproduction Ectothermic
Internal or external fertilization
Lay eggs, carry eggs inside body, or live birth
Ectothermic
Cannot control
temperature

55. Vertebrates Class Amphibia
Live a “Double Life”- live on land but must return to water to reproduce
No skin covering, moist, no claws
Ex.- frogs, salamanders, toads

56. Vertebrates Class Amphibia Lay eggs External fertilization in water
3-chambered heart
Gas Exchange and excretion
Gills as tadpole, Lungs as
adult
Diffuse oxygen through their
skin
Ectothermic- cold blooded

57. Vertebrates Class Reptilia
Produce first land egg- allows for reproduction on land
Amniotic egg- fluid filled egg laid on land
Reptile eggs have a leathery case
Internal fertilization

58. Vertebrates Class Reptilia Scales and claws Ectothermic
3 chambered heart (except crocodiles and alligator- they have 4 chambers)
Ex- snakes, lizards, turtles, alligators

59. Vertebrates Class Aves- birds
Endothermic- maintain constant body temperature even when external conditions change
Feathers- believed to be modified scales (scales still present on feet)

60. Vertebrates Class Aves Hollow bones for flight Internal fertilization
Digestive- crop, gizzard, intestines
Circulatory- 4 chambered heart
Ex- geese, swans, chickens, hawks

61. Birds

62. Vertebrates Class Mammalia About 70 million years old
Mammary glands- nurse young
Reproduction- internal fertilization
Internal development & parental care of young

63. Vertebrates Marsupials- pouched mammals Monotremes- egg laying mammals
Placentals- fetus fed through placenta during development

64. Other Mammal Features Insulation hair or fur
Endothermic maintains a constant body temperature
Complex organ systems (nervous, digestive, circulatory, etc.
Circulatory 4 chambered heart

65. Vertebrates Class Mammalia Insulation- hair on body Endothermic
Legs under body
Complex nervous system
Circulatory- 4 chambered heart
Gas exchange and excretion
Lungs
Kidneys-nephrons and bladder

68. http://www. mcwdn. org/Animals/flexiblyfingeredmammalprimatevideos