1. Dr. JP Dadhich MD (Paediatrics) National Coordinator, BPNI, India
Carbon Footprint due to Milk Formula: A study from selected countries of Asia-Pacific region
Dr. JP Dadhich MD (Paediatrics)
National Coordinator, BPNI, India
Coordinator, IBFAN Asia group on Environment and Climate Change and Infant feeding

2. Acknowledgment
Dr. Julie Smith, Economist, Australian National University
Alessandro Iellamo, Independent researcher, Italy/Philippines
Dr. Adlina Suleiman, National Defense University of Malaysia
Dr. Phillip Baker, Australian National University

3. Context Breastfeeding is environment friendly
Formula adds to climate change burden
Quantitative data about carbon footprint due to formula?

4. Methodology :Selection of countries
Income Category
Countries
High Income
Australia; South Korea
Upper Middle Income
China; Malaysia
Lower Middle Income
India; Philippines
World bank. Country and Lending Groups.
Available at:

5. Methodology: Calculation of GHG due to Milk Formula
Retrieving industry data on milk formula sale
Volume of sale for different types of formula – current/projections
Examining composition of milk formula
Codex Alimentarius standards for
Standard infant formula
Follow-up Formula
Formula for special medical use
Euromonitor Passport Market Information Database (2012)

6. Methodology: Calculation of GHG due to Milk Formula
Calculating GHG emissions due to the milk formula
GHG due to Individual ingredients  Finished products
Analysing GHG emissions due to milk formula
Comparing GHG emissions due to MF with other contributors

7. Results - Composition of the Milk Formulas*
Composition/Ingredient of milk formula
Levels in the Std infant formula powder
Proportion (upper limits)
Levels in the follow-up formula powder
Calories
60-70 kcal/100ml
60-85 kcal/ 100 ml
Carbohydrate
9.0 – 14.0 g/22.5 g
Appr. 60%
15. 0 g/22.5 g
Appr. 67%
Protein
1.8 – 3.0 g/22.5 g
Appr. 13%
1.8 – 3.4 g/22.5 g
Appr. 15 %
Lipid
4.4 – 6.0 g/22.5 g
Appr. 27%
1.8 – 3.6 g/22.5 g
Appr. 17 %
*Extrapolated from relevant Codex Standrads

8. GHG Emissions (kg CO2 eq) per kg of Milk Formula
Possible Combinations of ingredients
Calculation of GHG emissions for a particular combination
Average GHG emissions for each category of Milk Formula
Standard Milk Formula/Special Milk Formula kg Co2 eq per kg
FU Milk Formula/Toddler’s Milk Formula 4.04 kg Co2 eq per kg

9. Estimation of GHG due to Milk Formula
Estimation of GHG done for each study country for all 4 categories of MF
Standard Milk Formula
Follow-on Milk Formula
Toddler’s Milk Formula
Formula for Special Medical Use
Based on the projections for 2017, trends were estimated
Euromonitor Passport Market Information Database (2012)

10. Milk Formula Category and GHG emissions (6 countries)

11. Contribution of Milk Formula categories to GHG emissions in study countries (%)
Country
Std Milk Formula
FU Milk Formula
Toddler Milk Formula
Special Milk Formula
Australia
41.6
31.0
10.7
16.5
China
25.8
30.0
43.9
0.2
India
39.0
50.0
8.5
1.6
Malaysia
16.2
17.1
66.0
0.55
Philippines
26.7
23.6
47.4
2.3
S. Korea
42.1
26.9
22.4
8.4

12. Each study country’s contribution to GHG emissions (2012)
Total GHG MT

13. Per Capita GHG emission in study countries

14. Projections in the sale of Milk Formula and resulting GHG emissions (2012-2017)
Country
Percentage change
Leading category of milk formula predicted with an increase
Australia
+8.25%
Standard Milk Formula
China
+87.46%
Toddler’s Milk Formula
India
+10.37%
Follow-on Milk Formula
Malaysia
+35.60%
Philippines
+9.84%
South Korea
- 7.53%
Special Baby Milk Formula

15. Equivalent activities for total GHG emission due to milk formula (2
Equivalent activities for total GHG emission due to milk formula (2.89 M tonnes) ( The US conditions)
Equivalent to annual greenhouse gas emissions from any of these
Million Miles driven by an average passenger vehicle
1.03 Million Tons of waste sent to the landfill
CO2 emissions from any of these
325.5 Million gallons of gasoline consumed
Million Pounds of coal burned
Carbon sequestered by any one of these
74.1 Million tree seedlings grown for 10 years
2.37 Million acres of U.S. forests in one year

16. Conclusions and Way Forward
Milk Formulas have emerged an important source of GHG emissions
Projections show an ever increasing sale of these products with consequent increase in the GHG emissions
Effective implementation of the International Code of marketing of BMS and other measures to protect, promote and support breastfeeding are crucial
Estimation of GHG due to Milk Formula for all the countries is required

17. Thanks !
Report is available at: