1. Photosynthesis Senior Biology
Photosynthesis overview
Equation
Chloroplast & Pigments
Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration connection
The Light Reaction
The Light Independent Reaction/Calvin Cycle
Essential RuBisCO

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3. Photosynthesis ___________________
Occurs in the leaves of plants in organelles called chloroplasts.
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4. Photosynthesis: An Overview
Why?
______________
How?
Who?
Any organism which contains chlorophyll (plants, cyanobacteria, algae, etc.)
Where?
Prokaryotes (e.g. bacteria) – infolding of cell membrane
Eukaryotes (e.g. plants) – chloroplasts

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6. Photosynthesis
Occurs in the Chloroplast
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7. Chloroplast Structure
Inner membrane called the thylakoid membrane.
Thickened regions called thylakoids. A stack of thylakoids is called a granum. (Plural – grana)
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8. Pigments
Chlorophyll is the most important photosynthetic pigment present in plants.
Other pigments are also present in the leaf.
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10. Light Review Visible light comes in a spectrum from purple to red
Different substances absorb different colours depending on the structure.
Colours that the substance doesn’t absorb, it reflects. We see that reflection as the objects colour

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12. Chlorophyll a & b
Is a pigment that absorbs blue and red light but reflects green. _____________
High absorption
Low absorption/High reflection

13. How do plants capture light?
Chlorophyll a and b molecules absorb photons (light packets) with blue-violet and red regions of the spectrum. They reflect the green regions

14. Carotenoids (other accessory pigments)
Other accessory pigments (called carotenoids) also absorb light energy. _____________
_______________

15. Why do some leaves turn colours in the fall?
There are three main pigments in plants; Chlorophyll (reflect green), Carotenoids (reflect orange/red), and Xanthophylls (reflect yellow/brown).
As the most abundant pigment, __________________

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17. Why do some leaves turn colours in the fall?
During winter, there is not enough light or water for photosynthesis. Therefore, the trees cut off the circulation of water, nutrients and sugar to the leaves and live off the food they stored during the summer.
They begin to shut down their food-making factories. The green chlorophyll pigment disappears from the leaves leaving the other pigments behind. As the bright green fades away, we begin to see yellow and orange colors. Small amounts of these colors have been in the leaves all along __________________

18. Cellular Respiration Recall
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The organism uses released energy for all cellular activities

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20. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
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21. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
What is created in one reaction is used up in the other reaction!
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23. The Photosynthesis Song Video has been removed

24. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration are Connected
Photosynthesis vs. Respiration video
Photosynthesis Respiration Song
Videos have been removed

25. The Light Reaction and The Calvin Cycle
Photosynthesis
The Light Reaction
and
The Calvin Cycle

26. The Photosynthetic Equation
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy--> C6H12O6 + 6O2
But not that simple
Involves 3 stages:
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27. Light Reaction 3 Stages Photoexcitation -> absorption of a photon
ETC
Chemiosmosis

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29. 1) Photoexcitation
Light is absorbed by chlorophyll or accessory pigments that are associated with proteins in clusters.
These clusters = photosystems
Two Photosystems
1) Photosystem I - chlorophyll a- called P700
2) Photosystem II- chlorophyll a- called P680

30. 2) ETC - Photosystems
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31. Photosystem II
Is composed of proteins and P680 chlorophyll a molecules (680 because it absorbs 680nm λ)
Light strikes P680 and excites it (a)  P680* (it’s excited)
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32. Photosystem II
The P680 Chlorophyll a molecule is now oxidized (missing an electron)- how does it get it back?
__________________ + + + + - - - -

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