1. Chap 17 Day 1 Nomadic Empires and Eurasian Integration

2. Nomadic Economy and Society
Rainfall in central Asia too little to support large-scale agriculture
Grazing animals thrive, central Asians turn to animal herding
Food
Clothing
Shelter (yurts)
Migratory patterns to follow pastureland
Small-scale farming, rudimentary artisanry

3. Nomads in Turkmenistan

4. Governance basically clan-based
Nomadic Society
Governance basically clan-based
Charismatic individuals become nobles, occasionally assert authority
Unusually fluid status for nobility
Hereditary, but could be lost through incompetence
Advancement for meritorious non-nobles
Nomadic Economy
Trade links between nomadic and settled peoples
Nomads engage in long-distance travel
Caravan routes

5. Shamans center of pagan worship
Nomadic Religion
Shamans center of pagan worship
Appeal of Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Islam, Manichaeism from 6th century CE
Turkish script developed, partially to record religious teachings
Conversion to Islam in 10th century due to Abbasid influence
Military Organization
Large confederations under a khan
Authority extended through tribal elders
Exceptionally strong cavalries – WHY?
Mobility
Speed
Nestorianism is a Christological doctrine that emphasizes the disunion between the human and divine natures of Jesus. It was advanced by Nestorius (386–450), Patriarch of Constantinople from 428–431, influenced byNestorius' studies under Theodore of Mopsuestia at the School of Antioch.
a dualistic religious system with Christian, Gnostic, and pagan elements, founded in Persia in the 3rd century by Manes ( circa 216– circa 276). The system was based on a supposed primeval conflict between light and darkness. It spread widely in the Roman Empire and in Asia, and survived in eastern Turkestan (Xinjiang) until the 13th century.

6. Turkish empires and their neighbors about 1210 CE

7. Saljuq Turks and the Abbasid Empire
8-10th centuries Turkish peoples on border of Abbasid empire
Service in Abbasid armies
Eventually came to dominate Abbasid caliphs
1055 Saljuq leader Tughril Beg recognized as sultan
Tughril consolidated his hold on Baghdad, then extended rule to other parts of the empire
Abbasid caliphs served as figure heads of authority

8. Saljuq Turks and the Byzantine Empire
1071 Saljuq Turks defeat Byzantine army at Manzikert, take emperor captive
Large-scale invasion of Anatolia
Many conversions to Islam
Ottoman Turks conquer Constantinople 1453

9. Ghaznavid Turks and the Sultanate of Delhi
Mahmud of Ghazni, Afghanistan, invades northern India
At first for plunder, later to rule
Northern India completely dominated by 13th century
Persecution of Buddhists, Hindus