1. Passive Transport

3. Passive Transport
Does not expend cellular energy for the movement to take place
Ex-rolling down a hill

4. Parts of a Solution Solute: Solvent: Solution: Example: H2O and NaCl
what gets dissolved
Solvent:
What does the dissolving, more plentiful that solute
Solution:
the mixture of solutes and solvent
Example: H2O and NaCl
Solute: NaCl
Solvent: H2O
Solution: H2O and NaCl

5. 3 types of Passive Transport:
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated Diffusion

6. I. DIFFUSION: Definition:
Transport of molecules (of solutes and solvents)
From an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
Until equal distribution of concentrations reached in all areas (EQUILIBRIUM)
Due to the random movement of molecules

7. Conceptual Diagram:

9. Review of the Types of Membranes:
Permeable
Impermeable
Semi-permeable

10. Permeable
ALL types of molecules can get through, regardless of size or charge.

11. Impermeable (non-permeable)
NO molecules can get through

12. 3. SEMI-PERMEABLE !!!: SOME MOLECULES CAN GET THROUGH Very small or
Non-charged

13. Diffusion: General
Osmosis: A Specific Type of Diffusion

14. Osmosis and Facilitated Diffusion
Passive Transport WITH a Membrane

15. OSMOSIS: Definition: Diffusion through a membrane: Movement of H2O
from to high to low concentration
THROUGH A MEMBRANE
until equilibrium

16. OSMOSIS:

17. OSMOSIS:

20. How do you get different concentrations of water (2 ways)?
Change the amount of solute or solvent.
Add a membrane

21. 3 Types of Solutions (outside of cell):
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic

22. Hypertonic: MORE More solute, less solvent (H2O) outside of the cell
80% water
90% water

24. 2. Hypotonic:
LESS
Less solute, more solvent outside of the cell.

25. 3. Isotonic:
EQUAL
Equal amounts of solute/solvent concentrations on both sides of membrane

27. Consequences: Hypertonic  Cell Shrinking In a plant cell: PLASMOLYSIS
In an animal cell: CRENATION (Shriveled)
Examples:
Drinking out of ocean when you are dying of thirst or
Placing a fresh water fish or plant in salt water… 
Plant Wilting sue to lack of water 

28. Consequences:

29. Consequences: Hypotonic  Examples: In a plant cell: TURGID (Firm)
In an animal cell: CYTOLYSIS (Lysed: Cell Bursting)
Examples:
Place a salt water fish in fresh water 
Red Blood Cells in pure water
Plants standing tall after
being watered

30. Osmotic Pressure = Turgor Pressure
As a result of osmosis, extra water molecules accumulate on one side of membrane and cause pressure on the membrane
 “Turgor”
Example:
water

31. III. FACILITATED DIFFUSION:
Protein Channels in the cell membrane accept only specific molecules, like a lock accepts a particular key.

32. III. FACILITATED DIFFUSION:

33. III. FACILITATED DIFFUSION:
Many of these protein channels are “two-way” and are called PORES.
These transport ions or molecules (solutes) through membranes in either direction

34. III. FACILITATED DIFFUSION:
Like an open door allows you to pass into or out of a room.
Different solute molecules fit different pores
This depends on
Size
Polarity
Shape of molecule
Eg. Glucose

35. III. FACILITATED DIFFUSION:
When a solute that is plentiful on one side of membrane,
they will pass by diffusion toward other side with the lower concentration.
Until concentration becomes equal on both sides

36. DON’T FORGET,
THESE WERE ALL
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
SO THE CELL DID NOT NEED TO EXPEND ANY NRG TO MAKE IT HAPPEN!!!!!