1. Urinary and Lymphatic Systems

2. Functions of Lymphatic System
Filters lymph fluid
Returns leaked fluid to circulatory system
Produces and modifies cells of immune system to fight infection

3. Major Organs of the Lymphatic System
Lymph Fluid
Lymph Capillaries
Lymph Vessels
Lymph Nodes (nonsecreting "glands“)
Thymus
Spleen
Tonsils

4. Major Organs of the Lymphatic System
Lymph Fluid: The clear fluid found outside the cells which bathes the tissues. It is collected, filtered, and transported by the lymphatic system from around the tissues to the blood of the circulatory system.

5. Major Organs of the Lymphatic System
Lymph Capillaries – collect lymph fluid from the tissues of the body
Lymph Capillary Animation:

6. Lymph Capillaries Thin walled - pick up and recycle extra tissue fluid
During inflammation, lymph capillaries can absorb:
Cell debris
Pathogens
Cancer cells
Lymph circulation due to ?

7. Major Organs of the Lymphatic System
Lymph Vessels transport lymph fluid to the circulatory system.

8. Lymphatic vessels comparable in structure to veins
Damaged valves or blocked
lymph vessels ???

10. Lymph Transport The lymphatic system lacks a pumping organ
To propel lymph, vessels rely on:
Pulsations of nearby arteries
Movement of muscles throughout the body
Contractions of smooth muscle in the walls of the lymphatic vessels

11. Lymphoid Organs – aid in the production of lymphocytes (WBC)
Lymph Nodes
Spleen
Thymus
Tonsils 11 11

12. Lymphocytes
White Blood Cells (Lymphocytes) are the main cells involved in the immune response
Two main varieties:
T cells
B cells

13. White Blood Cells a.k.a Lymphocytes
Antigen – anything the body perceives as foreign
Bacteria and their toxins; viruses
Mismatched RBCs or cancer cells
T cells and B cells protect the body against antigens

14. Lymphocytes a.k.a. (White Blood Cells)
2. T cells
Manage the immune response
Attack and destroy foreign cells
3. B cells
Produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies
Antibodies immobilize antigens

15. Bone Marrow: Lymphopoiesis
Fig 23.7
Lymphocytes are later also produced in thymus, spleen and tonsils

16. Lymph Nodes - Primary lymphatic organs of the body
Found within connective tissue and along lymphatic vessels
2 basic functions:
Filtration –remove microorganisms, dead cells, and debris
Immune system activation – monitor and attack antigens 16

17. Lymph nodes
Lymph Nodes Animation 17 17

19. Spleen Largest lymphatic organ Functions:
Site of white blood cell production
Immune surveillance and response
Cleanses the blood by removing dead red blood cells 19 19

20. Thymus
Only lymphoid organ that does NOT fight antigens, it functions as “T-cell academy” – modifies T-cells 20 20

21. Tonsils & Adenoids Simplest lymphatic organs
Trap bacteria and other antigens which work their way into the follicles where they are destroyed 21 21

22. The Urinary System

23. Functions of Urinary System
Regulate fluid balance (fluid volume) of the body
Excrete waste products from the blood
Stabilize blood pH
Regulate ion concentrations in the blood
FILTER BLOOD

24. Kidney Location
Retroperitoneal - between the body wall and peritoneum

25. Major Organs of the Urinary System
Kidneys– main organs of the urinary system; have specialized cells called Nephrons that filter harmful poisons like urea from the blood

26. Major Organs of the Urinary System
Kidneys– main organs of the urinary system; have specialized cells called Nephrons that filter harmful poisons like urea from the blood

27. Major Organs of the Urinary System
Bladder –stores urine

28. Major Organs of the Urinary System
Bladder –stores urine

29. Major Organs of the Urinary System
Ureters– tubes that connect kidneys to bladder

30. Major Organs of the Urinary System
Ureters– tubes that connect kidneys to bladder

31. Major Organs of the Urinary System
Urethra– tube thru which urine exits the body

32. Major Organs of the Urinary System
Urethra– tube thru which urine exits the body

33. Major Organs of the Urinary System
Kidneys– main organs of the urinary system; have specialized cells called Nephrons that filter harmful poisons like urea from the blood
Bladder –stores urine
Ureters– tubes that connect kidneys to bladder
Urethra– tube thru which urine exits the body

34. 2 Categories of Waste Removed By the Kidneys
(produced by cellular respiration)

35. Excretion and other body systems

36. Cross section

37. Kidney Stones

39. Renal failure
Acute (sudden) kidney failure is the sudden loss of the ability of the kidneys to remove waste and concentrate urine.
Can be caused by: Dehydration, Hemorrhage, Injury, Septic shock, Serious illness, Surgery

40. Quick Time Review