1. Introduction to Cryo technology Branch that talks below -180C
Cryogenics
Introduction to Cryo technology
Branch that talks below -180C

2. The cooling of materials to extremely low temperatures using highly condensed gases.
Cryogenic process
A very low-temperature process used for separating substances, such as nitrogen and oxygen in air, that are gases at normal ambient conditions. Foods can also be preserved at very low temperatures using solid carbon dioxide or liquid nitrogen.

3. Father and Pioneers of Cryo Club
World
Father :- Dr. Jean Rostand
Pioneer:- Prof. Robert CW Ettinger
India
Father :- Dr. Vasudevan Gnana Gandhi
Pioneer:- Dr. V. Gandhi et al.

4. Chemical Engineers as Cryogenicist
We mainly study cryogenics in final year of Bachelor degree programme.
In which properties, handling, selection and safety of ‘cryogenic liquids’ is learned.
Generally cryogenics for chemical engineers is concerned to liquefy gases like Nitrogen, Oxygen, He, Ar, etc.

5. We already have studied production of oxygen and nitrogen in IPT (CM-502) by Linde and Kellog’s Process.
There are different cycles by which liquefication of gas can be done.
Linde Cycle
Claude Cycle
Cascades
It includes high pressure cycle in which more than one compressor is used i.e. gas is expanded twice.
A fraction of gas is expanded in a high speed expander but if large amount of liquid is formed in expander the efficiency of the process will be decreased.

6. Linde - Frankl cycle producing low purity oxygen and nitrogen

7. Helium by Claude Process

8. Production of helium by cascade process

9. Argon liquefaction

10. Properties of cryogenic fluids
Liquid Oxygen
Blue coloured due to long-chain molecule O4.
Boils at K and freezes at 54.4 K.
Density = 1141kg/m3.
Oxygen is paramagnetic while other cryogenic liquids are non magnetic.
Liquid Nitrogen
Clear, colourless liquid.
Boils at K and freezes at 63.2 K
Density = 807 kg/m3.

11. Liquid Fluorine
A light yellow liquid.
Normal boiling point of K.
It is one of the most dense cryogenic liq (  1507 kg/m3.)
It is highly toxic.
Liquid Argon
Clear, colourless liquid.
Inert and nontoxic.
Boils at 87.3 K and freezes at 83.8 K.
Liquid Helium
Principal component of natural gas.
Boils at 1 atm at K and freezes at 88.7 K.

12. Applications of cryogenics
Rocket propulsion
Electronics
High energy physics
Space simulation
Manufacturing process
Recycling of material

13. References Mukhopadhyaya; Fundamentals of cryogenic Engg; PHI
Thomas M, Flynn, Dehher; Cryogenic Engineering; Marcel-Decker, Colorado P, Florida

14. Thank You
“Science is everywhere all you have to do is to find it before anyone else does.”
Dr. C. V. Raman
Question and queries.
Submitted by:
Sandeep Warwade