1. The Protestant Reformation
I protest

2. Causes of the Reformation
100 Years War and Black Death
Clergy was uneducated
Busy with worldly affairs – not doing spiritual work
Scientific Advances which contradicted the Cathiolic Church
Indulgences – paying $$ for a pardon of sins or reward for good behavior

3. Catholic Church Hierarchy
God
Pope
Cardinals
Archbishops
Bishops
Priests and Monks
Laity – not in the church

4. Early Calls for Reform
Late 1300’s-Early 1400’s
John Wycliffe of England: translates the Bible into English
John Huss of Bohemia: Church services in the vernacular
*both taught that the Bible had more authority than church leaders
Girolamo Savonarola of Italy: urged people to give up luxuries.Was executed for heresy.

5. Secular Individualism Christian humanists Printing press
Renaissance Ideas
Secular
Individualism
Christian humanists
Printing press

6. The Protestant Reformation began b/c… The Church made Protestants mad
What was the Protestant Reformation?
Protestant = someone who protested
the Catholic Church
Reformation = when people demand
changes
The Protestant Reformation began b/c…
The Church made Protestants mad

7. What was the Protestant Reformation?
CHRISTIANITY
PROTESTANT
CATHOLIC

8. The Reformers
Martin Luther
John Calvin
Henry VIII

9. Martin Luther
Martin Luther was a German Monk who was dissatisfied with the church
He thought that….

10. Martin Luther Faith saves people, not good works
Ultimate authority for Christians is the Bible
Nobody is more important in God’s eyes, all humans are = b4 God
(no hierarchy)

11. Why was Luther Angry With The Church???
Tetzel (a friar) was selling indulgences: certificates that take away sin (church is selling forgiveness to make $$)
Merchants: merchants want usury (lending $ and charging interest – Catholic Church says usury is wrong)
Absolute power of & wealth of the Church
Domination of Church by Italians (angered Germans and English)
In the end the reformers, like Luther, established their own religions
The Reformation caused a split in Christianity with the formation of these new Protestant religions

12. What Action Did He Take? 95 Theses:
A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints)
He criticized:
The Power of the Pope
The Extreme Wealth of the Church
Indulgences

13. Luther's 95 Theses
Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs
Posted his 95 Theses on Church doors in Wittenberg Germany (1517)
Gained support from people and criticism from Church

14. Luther's 95 Theses
Horrible Histories: Martin Luther

15. What are the Three Main Ideas Of His Teachings?
Salvation by faith alone
Teaching based on Bible
All people equal before God

16. Pope Leo X (Medici)
He was the Pope during the height of the corruption

17. What was the Pope’s Reaction?
1520 Pope Leo X ordered Luther to give up his beliefs
Luther burned the order and was excommunicated
Luther went into hiding where he translated the New Testament into German – spreading his beliefs even further

18. Luther prepares to burn Pope's orders

19. What did the Holy Roman Emperor Do?
Charles V summoned him to trial in the town of Worms
Created the Edict of Worms- Luther declared an outlaw and heretic
New religious group formed- Lutherans

20. How did the Peasantry React?
1524 peasants want an end to serfdom and revolt
Luther does not support the revolt and the princes of Germany massacre 100,000 people

21. Germany At War…
Northern German princes supported Luther for political reasons
Other princes signed an agreement to join forces against Luther’s ideas
In reaction, Luther’s supporters signed a protest against the agreement and became Protestants
Charles V declared war against Protestants and won but they didn’t go back to the Catholic Church
1555- Peace of Augsburg- religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler

22. King Henry VIII Began reign as devout Catholic
He and his wife (Catherine of Aragon) had a daughter Mary, but no male heir
Convinced that Catherine could not longer have children, Henry wanted to divorce Catherine
The Pope could annul (set aside) a marriage, but refused to do so
Called Parliament into session and asked it to pass laws to end Pope’s power in England and legalize Henry’s divorce
1534, Henry breaks for the Catholic Church and declared himself head of the Church Of England

23. King Henry VIII Divorce: Henry wants one but Pope says no.
Head of the Church of England
Divorce: Henry wants one but Pope says no.
Anglican Church – Henry is in charge – no Pope
Did away with Catholic Church’s land & wealth in England

24. Catherine of Aragon – Mary I
6 Wives of Henry VIII
Wife/Children
Death
Catherine of Aragon – Mary I
Divorced
Anne Boleyn –
Elizabeth I
Beheaded
Jane Seymour –
Edward
Died
Anne of Cleves –
none
Catherine Howard –
Catherine Parr – none
Survived

25. Henry, Henry, Henry

26. Elizabeth I Daughter of Henry VII and Anne Boleyn
Combined Catholic styles w/Protestant teaching to please both religions
Elizabeth I makes Anglican Church the official church of all of Great Britain
Spanish King Philip II (Catholic) attacked England but lost
Elizabeth I

27. John Calvin
His ideas hit the Church w/a: POW
Predestination -God chooses who goes to heaven, you don’t get there by good works
Our moral lives will reveal if we’re chosen by God to go to heaven or hell
Work ethic, righteous life that honors God

28. Predestination Calvin believed in: Salvation through Predestination
At birth it is decided if you will go to heaven or hell

29. Purified approach to life:
Calvin believed in:
Purified approach to life:
No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..

30. CALVINISM Started in Switzerland – Calvinists
Calvin went to Geneva, Switzerland and led the city. He believed the ideal government was a theocracy (government controlled by religious leaders)

31. John Knox He visited Calvin in Geneva and liked his teachings
He returned to his native Scotland and his followers were called Presbyterians

32. Anabaptists More interpretations of the Bible = more religious groups
Anabaptist = “baptize again”
Only people who were old enough to decide to be Christian should be baptized

33. Christianity Protestant Catholic Lutheran Calvinism Puritan
Presbyterian
Puritan
Huguenots