1. Taxonomy Naming organisms D-K-P-C-O-F-G-S
Warm – up : Using the following letters, in the same order, come up with a saying that will help you remember this order.
Ex. L-O-L = Laugh Out Loud
D-K-P-C-O-F-G-S

2. CLASSIFICATION
grouping organisms by similarities and differences (structures, functions, behavior, and DNA)

3. MODERN CLASSIFICATION
compares external and internal structures
where they live environment
genetic make up. DNA most definitive
shows evolutionary relationships

4. Taxonomy –Naming Organisms
Carl Linnaeus- 1st to name using Binomial Nomenclature
Genus and species name
Homo sapiens (always in italics or underlined)
Genus- is a group of similar species. Always capitalized
species- (specific epithet)- describes characteristics. Always lower case

5. COMMON NAMES
Common names are not used by scientists...Discuss with your neighbor why you think this is?

6. D>K>P>C>O>F>G>S
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species

7. A GROUP OF ORGANISMS FROM MOST BROAD TO SPECIFIC
TAXON
A GROUP OF ORGANISMS FROM MOST BROAD TO SPECIFIC
Humans : Domain – Eukarya, Kingdom Animalia, Phylum – Chordata, Class – Mammalia, Order – Primates, Family – Hominidae, Genus – Homo, Species – sapiens
Individual levels are called Taxa

8. Domains: contain one or more Kingdoms:
1. Bacteria (Eubacteria)
2. Archea- (Archaebacteria)
3. Eukarya- (animals, plants, fungi, protists)

9. Kingdoms: (6) Archaebacteria- are prokaryotic
Eubacteria- are prokaryotic
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
All Eukaryotes

10. Prokaryotes: have no nucleus or membrane bound organelles microscopic
unicellular
may be autotrophs or heterotrophs

11. Archaebacteria: Prokaryotes live in extreme environments
hot, salty, thermal vents, oxygen- free
have a cell wall without peptidoglycan.
Ex – Thermophiles, Halophiles, methanogens

12. Eubacteria include all other prokaryotes decomposers
live almost everywhere
may be harmful or helpful
have a cell walls with peptidoglycan.
Ex – Escherichia coli (E. coli) Streptococcus pneumonia

13. Protist: eukaryotes no organ systems live in moist environments
unicellular or multi-cellular

14. Three types of protists
plant-like – autotrophs
(Ex – Euglena, Algae, and Kelp)
animal-like – heterotrophs
(Ex – Amoebas and Paramecium)
fungus-like - heterotrophs, reproduce like fungus
(Ex – Water molds, Downy molds and slime molds)

15. Protists – Plant Like

16. Plant – like Protista Euglena

17. Protists - Animal Like Amoeba

18. Protists – Animal Like Paramecium

19. Protists – Fungus Like (slime mold)

20. Fungus eukaryotes unicellular or multi-cellular heterotrophs
do not move
absorb nutrients from organic matter (decomposers)
Cell walls made of Chitin

21. Plants eukaryotes multi-cellular Photosynthetic (autotrophic)
do not move about
has cell wall and chloroplasts
Organized cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

22. Animals eukaryotes multi-cellular heterotrophs most can move
no cell wall
cell – tissues- organ- organ system

23. Cladistics a biological system of classification based on phylogeny
cladogram- a model of the phylogeny of a species identifying derived traits
closer on the cladogram, probably share more recent ancestry

24. Cladogram

27. Basis for Modern Taxonomy:
Modern taxonomists classify organisms based on their evolutionary relationships
Homologous structures have the same structure, but different functions & show common ancestry
The bones in a bat's wing, human's arm, penguin's flipper are the same (homologous), but the function is different 

28. Homologous Structures

29. Analogous Structures
Analogous structures have the same function, but different structures & do not show a close relationship (insect wing & bird's wing)

30. Analogous Structures

31. Embryonic Development
Similarity in embryo development shows a close relationship (vertebrate embryos all have tail & gill slits)

32. Embryonic Development

33. Genetic Code
Similarity in DNA & amino acid sequences of proteins show related organisms

34. Phylogeny
the evolutionary history of a species